基于眼动追踪测量认知负荷变化的犯罪心理测试

目的探索可用于认知犯罪心理测试的眼动指标及测试方法。方法对被测人进行视觉、听觉双通路-双任务模拟案件犯罪心理测试,要求被测人对相同问题分别进行诚实回答和欺骗回答,对不同眼动数据和行为数据进行分析。结果注视点离靶、眼跳次数、眨眼间隔随认知负荷（实施欺骗时）增加而增大,并未发现瞳孔变化与答题策略间存在特定关系。结论注视点、离靶距离等眼动指标能有效分析认知负荷变化且应用于认知犯罪心理测试。     

Analysis of Ecstasy Tablets Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection

A method for the identification of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and meta‐chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) was developed employing capillary electrophoresis (CE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C⁴D). Sample extraction, separation, and detection of “Ecstasy” tablets were performed in <10 min without sample derivatization. The separation electrolyte was 20 mm TAPS/Lithium, pH 8.7. Average minimal detectable amounts for MDMA and mCPP were 0.04 mg/tablet, several orders of magnitude lower than the minimum amount encountered in a tablet. Seven different Ecstasy tablets seized in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed by CE‐C⁴D and compared against routine gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The CE method demonstrated sufficient selectivity to discriminate the two target drugs, MDMA and mCPP, from the other drugs present in seizures, namely amphepramone, fenproporex, caffeine, lidocaine, and cocaine. Separation was performed in <90 sec. The advantages of using C⁴D instead of traditional CE‐UV methods for in‐field analysis are also discussed.     

公安院校刑事侦查课程的教学改革探析

刑事侦查课程是公安院校的核心课程,虽然经过多年的改革,但在教学内容、教学模式和教学手段上还存在种种不足。为了适应新时期公安院校培养体制改革的需要,教学应贴近公安实战,注重核心能力的培养;真正发挥案例教学的优势;注重传统教学与现代教学手段的深度结合,以期培养适合公安工作需求的高端技术性人才。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒环介导等温扩增检测方法的建立

针对猪伪狂犬病病毒gE基因保守区域设计并合成了4条引物,建立了伪狂犬病病毒的环介导等温扩增检测方法,并进行了特异性、敏感性和重复性试验。结果显示,该方法可特异性地检测猪伪狂犬病病毒强毒株,不能检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪细小病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪流感病毒和猪伪狂犬病病毒gE基因缺失疫苗株;该方法的最低检测量可达100个拷贝质粒DNA,比常规PCR方法的敏感性高10倍。试验表明建立的环介导等温扩增方法具有较高的特异性、敏感性和可重复性,可用于伪狂犬病病毒的快速诊断。     

刑法视野中的“诱惑侦查”

诱惑侦查可分为机会提供型诱惑侦查与犯意诱发型诱惑侦查。前者是合法的、狭义的诱惑侦查,其以结果无价值和法益衡量说为法理基础而合法化;后者是非法、广义的诱惑侦查,其表面上符合陷害教唆但实质上应属于滥用职权罪。将刑法原理引入侦查学领域,有利于增强侦查学的学科基础。     

信息化背景下侦查效益的最大化——以公安大情报系统建设为视角

侦查效益最大化是指在现有的侦查资源条件下,以最低最少的侦查成本投入获取最优最满意的侦查收益。提高侦查效益的方法有两种：一是在收益既定的情况下减少侦查成本;二是在成本既定的情况下优化资源配置。在目前信息科学技术迅猛发展的情况下,加快构建以信息化应用为支撑、以情报信息研判为主要内容、以服务于警务决策为目标的公安大情报系统,有效整合各类信息资源,充分发挥情报在侦查决策、打击犯罪、重点人员动态管控、重大事件预警等工作中的主导作用,不失为提高侦查效益的一种有效途径。     

水貂肠炎病毒双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

以抗水貂肠炎病毒(mink enteritis virus,MEV)单克隆抗体为捕获抗体、兔抗MEV多克隆抗体为检测抗体,建立了MEV双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法。该方法用于MEV抗原的检测。经过试验,单克隆抗体的最适稀释度为1∶20,兔抗MEV多克隆抗体的最适稀释度为1∶3 200。用该ELISA方法分别检测MEV、水貂阿留申病病毒、犬瘟热病毒样品。结果表明,ELISA方法具有良好的特异性。用该ELISA和PCR同时检测158份临床样品,其中ELISA检测40份为阳性,PCR检测44份为阳性,该ELISA的特异性和敏感性分别为95.6%和79.5%,这2种方法的符合率为91.1%。该方法的建立为MEV的检测及水貂病毒性肠炎的流行病学调查提供了工具。     

H1N1和H3N2亚型流感病毒基因芯片检测方法的建立

为建立同时能鉴别甲型H1N1和猪流感病毒常见亚型的新型基因芯片检测方法,根据GenBank中已发表的甲型流感病毒MP的基因序列和甲型H1N1(2009)和猪流感病毒H1N1、H3N2亚型的基因序列,设计、筛选并合成7对特异性引物和1对通用引物;根据扩增的靶序列,设计并合成14条特异性探针和3条质控探针,制备了甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒和猪流感病毒H1N1、H3N2亚型基因芯片;并进行了特异性试验、敏感性试验和田间样品的检测。结果显示,该芯片检测方法与猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)等猪常见病毒无交叉反应;对猪H1N1、猪H3N2和甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒而言,最低可检测到105、104和105稀释的病毒株。结果证实,该方法特异性强、敏感性高,是一种高通量的甲型H1N1和猪流感常见亚型筛查方法。     

Pathogen detection using a liquid array technology

Abstract: Low concentrations of microbial pathogens in pure and mixed samples were detected using a bead‐based, liquid array technology. A 20‐bp sequence in the 23S rRNA gene, rrl, was amplified in four microorganisms: Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus. PCR products were positively identified with the Luminex^® 100? system. The system could detect very low amounts of DNA and the instrument response was proportional to the input concentration. The lower limit of detection (LLD) was determined to be 0.5 ng for B. cereus and E. coli and 2 ng for S. enterica. The LLD for S. aureus was not determined as the instrument response was still above the threshold when quantities of DNA as low as 0.25 ng were used. The platform positively identified organisms present in mixed samples even when the minor component was overshadowed by a 10‐fold excess of the major component.     

Recovery efficiencies of anthrax spores and ricin from nonporous or nonabsorbent and porous or absorbent surfaces by a variety of sampling methods*

The 2001 anthrax letter cases brought into focus the need to establish the most effective environmental sampling procedures. Results are presented from two studies aimed at establishing the best procedures for everyday surfaces likely to be contaminated after the release of environmentally stable bioaggressive agents, as exemplified by anthrax spores and ricin. With anthrax spores, contact plates, with mean retrieval rates of 28-54%, performed better than other methods by a wide margin for flat nonporous, nonabsorbent surfaces. They also proved best on flat porous, absorbent materials, although recoveries were low (<7%). For both agents, dry devices (swabs, wipes, Trace Evidence Collection Filters) had universally poor retrieval efficiencies with no significant differences between them. Among moistened devices (wipes, swabs, and Sample Collection and Recovery Devices), wipes were generally best, albeit with considerable cross-over among individual readings (highest mean recoveries for anthrax spores and ricin 5.5% and 2.5%, respectively, off plastic).