遗传资源惠益分享合同研究

由于话语权的缺失、自身科技发展状况的限制和国际法律体系建立的过程性,目前发展中国家在遗传资源获取和利益分享领域要遵从发达国家的游戏规则,采用"合同模式"。通过对此类合同的解读,分析其性质,明确合同双方的权利义务,以我国为例探讨如何在处于弱势的情况下,能够利用这种合同,获取相对较大利益。     

完善我国的转基因生物安全法规体系

随着我国转基因生物活动的发展,许多生物安全问题逐渐凸显。而我国目前的生物安全立法无法满足转基因生物活动的需要,因此我国亟需建立完整的生物安全法规体系,促进转基因生物技术的发展。     

Access and control of agro-biotechnology: Bt cotton,ecological change and risk in China

This article argues that if the introduction of genetically modified crops (GM crops) in developing countries is to be successful, we can and should not evade questions of access and control of technology. It implies probing into the experiences, perceptions and understanding of GM crops by the prime user: the farmer. Exactly in these respects the scholarly literature is remarkably silent. We know little about farmers' experiences and perceptions of GM crops' potential risks and benefits. This is evident when concentrating on a major GM crop – Bt cotton – and studying this in the context of China, its second largest producer in the world. Based on the results of a large survey, we demonstrate that Chinese farmers' awareness (‘having heard of’) and their understanding (‘being able to explain’) of Bt cotton is low. This may lead to ill-informed, distorted risk perceptions and a general inability to relate agricultural production problems to the specific nature of transgenic cotton cultivation. A great majority of the farmers find that the Chinese seed market was liberalised too early, in turn leading to a high incidence of ‘stealth transgenics’ or illegal seeds, the undermining of farmers' trust in private institutions, and a weakened biosafety regime. This finding points to the need for continued state intervention in the seed market, particularly in a developing context. Finally, we have discovered that farmers report a significantly lower reduction in pesticide use by Bt cotton than found in other studies. As suggested by recent research, we suspect that the higher pesticide use is necessary to control secondary pests – i.e. pests other than the cotton bollworm. We present empirical evidence that Chinese farmers perceive a substantive increase in secondary pests after Bt cotton was introduced.     

人类遗传资源的法律保护问题探讨

如何有效地对人类遗传资源进行保护成为各国尤其是发展中国家面临的一项重要任务和难题。人类遗传资源具有不同于传统资源的一些特点,因此,需要从不同的法律角度出发寻找相应的对策。包括:利用人格权法保护人类遗传资源提供者的人格权;利用知识产权法保护人类遗传资源提供者的应得利益;利用行政法规保护人类遗传资源的合理获取和使用;利用国际公约对人类遗传资源的开发利用进行跨国保护。     

论基因信息隐私权的民事立法保护

国际人类基因组计划将会带来生命科学的巨大进步,但同样也会带来许多人们前所未遇的法律问题。基因信息隐私权的保护问题便是其中之一。由于基因信息自身的特点致使基因信息隐私权在内容和客体方面不同于一般的隐私权,法律应当采取特殊的手段对基因信息隐私权予以保护。文章通过对人类基因组计划与基因信息的介绍,分析了基因信息隐私权的涵义、内容等,并提出了保护基因信息隐私权的立法构想。     

口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白的二级结构及其B细胞抗原表位的预测

以口蹄疫病毒OLZ0 2株基因组序列为材料 ,采用Garnier Robson法、Chou Fasman法和Karplus Schulz法预测了其结构蛋白的二级结构 ,用Kyte Doolittle法分析了各结构蛋白的亲水性 ,Emini法预测了各结构蛋白的表面可能性 ,Jameson Wolf法预测了各蛋白的抗原指数 ,综合评价了口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白的B细胞抗原表位。结果表明 ,VP1蛋白含有的B细胞优势抗原表位最多 ,是研制口蹄疫基因工程疫苗的首选免疫原 ,但其他结构蛋白也含有少量的B细胞抗原表位 ,有的甚至有可能成为优势抗原表位     

鸡传染性腔上囊病病毒Gt株全基因组序列分析及真核表达载体的构建

采用一步法长距离RT-PCR克隆了IBDV Gt株全基因组,对其核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行了系统分析。在IBDV Gt株全基因组中引入分子标签,且在基因组两端分别引入锤头状核酶结构(HamRz)和丁肝病毒核酶结构(HdvRz)。将带有分子标签和核酶结构的IBDV基因组插入载体pCAGGS的β肌动蛋白启动子下游,构建了IBDV真核表达载体pCAGGmGtAHRT和pCAG-GmGtBHRT,为IBDV新型高效拯救平台的构建及基于此的病毒基因功能奠定了基础。     

D18S872基因座在汉、维、蒙古、回族群体中的遗传多态性研究及其应用

目的　调查D18S872基因座在成都汉族 ,新疆维族和蒙古族 ,甘肃回族 4个民族中的遗传多态性 ,获得群体遗传学基本数据。　方法　等位基因分型标准物制备采用分子克隆技术 ,样本基因分型采用PCR和PAG垂直电泳技术、银染显色方法。　结果　获得D18S872基因座等位基因分型标准物及该基因座在 4个群体中的遗传学数据。　结论　结果表明D18S872基因座在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定中有一定的应用价值。     

Allele frequencies of nine STR loci—D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, F13A01, FESFPS and vWA—in the population from Alagoas, northeastern Brazil

The polymorphism of nine STR loci has been studied in a sample of 598 individuals from the population of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. Determination of the allele frequencies as well as of several commonly used statistics in forensic and paternity testing were defined. The most polymorphic loci were TH01 and D7S317. The exact test demonstrated that the nine loci analyzed in the population have no deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05).     

人类DRB基因单核苷酸多态性研究

目的建立一种对单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点进行复合检测的方法,并对人类DRB基因的单核苷酸多态性进行研究。方法 应用荧光标记双脱氧核苷酸进行单碱基延伸反应,同步检测人类DRB基因10个单核苷酸多态性位点。结果 应用该方法检验了人类标准细胞株K562、9947A及其他法医学常见生物检材,包括血斑2份、精斑5份、烟蒂8份、毛发3份,各样品间未发现相同的单核苷酸多态性组合单倍型。DNA模板需要量仅为0.5~1.0ng。结论 该方法是对微量生物物证进行个体识别鉴定的理想方法。同时还可为法医学及其他研究领域进行单核苷酸多态性分析提供快速、高效的技术手段。