柴芍二至散治疗Graves病临床观察

目的 观察柴芍二至散治疗毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿（Graves病）的临床疗效及对谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase，GSH-Px）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）的影响，探讨其治疗Graves病的作用机制。方法 将60例肝虚痰结型Graves病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组各30例。对照组采用甲巯咪唑进行治疗，治疗组在对照组基础上加服柴芍二至散，两组疗程均为12周。比较两组中医证候疗效、甲状腺功能［游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（free triiodothylamine，FT3）、游离甲状腺素（free thyroxine，FT4）、促甲状腺激素（thyroid stimulating hormone，TSH）］、血清促甲状腺受体抗体（thyrotropin receptor antibody，TRAb）、GSH-px、MDA水平。结果 与对照组比较，治疗组血清中FT3、FT4、TRAb水平显著降低（P＜0.05），TSH水平显著升高（P＜0.05）；两组血清GSH-px、MDA水平均优于治疗前（P＜0.05），治疗组改善更明显（P＜0.05）；治疗组中医证候疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 柴芍二至散治疗Graves病疗效显著，其机制可能与改善GSH-px、MDA的表达，调节机体抗氧化水平有关。     

非洲猪瘟病毒感染免疫反应的研究进展

非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)引起的一种危害全球养猪业的灾难性疾病,临床上以急性、热性、出血性、高发病率和高死亡率为特征。世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为法定报告动物疫病,也是我国必须上报的一类动物疫病。自上世纪二十年代出现以来,有关非洲猪瘟病毒的病原特性、流行特点以及免疫应答等多个方面的研究虽然已经开展,但是我们对其仍然知之甚少。本文概括总结了非洲猪瘟病毒感染后机体的免疫应答反应,以期为非洲猪瘟病毒的后续研究和疫苗研制提供理论依据。     

加减薯蓣丸治疗轻中度肾精亏虚证老年期痴呆的磁共振波谱研究

目的 采用氢质子磁共振波谱（1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H MRS）检查结合神经心理学量表的方法,评价加减薯蓣丸对老年期痴呆患者的治疗效果。方法 收集2015年12月至2017年4月湖北省中医院脑病科及老年病科的血管性痴呆（vascular dementia,VD）及阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）肾精亏虚证患者各20例,另选认知功能正常者20例作为对照组。入选老年期痴呆患者在内科治疗的基础上予以加减薯蓣丸治疗。对老年期痴呆患者治疗前后及对照组受试者进行简易精神状态评价量表（mini mental state examination,MMSE）、日常生活能力量表（activities of daily living,ADL）、痴呆证候分型量表（syndromes differentiation scale for dementia,SDSD）评估及1H MRS检查。结果 加减薯蓣丸显著升高VD及AD患者降低的MMSE评分（P＜0.05）,降低其升高的SDSD评分（P＜0.05）,但对ADL评分的改善作用无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。1H MRS检查表明,加减薯蓣丸显著升高VD和AD患者双侧额叶下降的N 乙酰天门冬氨酸（N aspart acetyl,NAA）/肌酸（creatine,Cr）水平（P＜0.05）,而降低双侧额叶升高的胆碱复合物（choline,Cho）/Cr作用无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。加减薯蓣丸对VD患者和AD患者MMSE、SDSD、ADL评分和双侧额叶NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr的作用差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 加减薯蓣丸改善轻中度老年期痴呆患者认知功能的机制可能与促进损伤的神经细胞修复有关。     

Establishing a Social-Darwinist Mentality in Japan’s Paternalist State: The Potential of Resistance by a Counter-Public

ABSTRACT

From a historical perspective, the welfare net in Japan was established from above without democratic participation and expanded only slowly. This expansion in many cases was aimed at enhancing national cohesion, especially during war time. During the current neoliberal era, Japan’s paternalistic welfare state has been able to put into practice the dismantling of national pension and health-care systems without the need for any theoretical re-orientation. In response, counter-publics have engaged in protest and resistance. By doing so, the victims of modernization and those who are socially weak and disadvantaged in multiple ways are able to regain their self-esteem and personal integrity.     

Bacterial Cross‐contamination Potential Associated with Contaminated Currency

Previous studies have shown a significant amount of contaminants on paper currencies. It is important to study the transfer of microorganisms between paper currencies to determine whether it meets the level of a human health threat. This cross‐contamination potential was analyzed by seeding new US 1‐dollar bills with Bacillus thuringiensis, and pressing or rubbing them against clean currency to determine the amount of bacteria transfer to the unseeded currency. The transferred amount of bacteria was recovered, plated, incubated, and the colony‐forming units were quantified. Among the recovery methods tested, the most efficient method, vortexing for 10 min with a recovery efficiency of 40 ± 8.1%, was used in this analysis. The resulting transfer rates were 4.8%, 8.6%, and 14.3% when pressed for 24 h, 72 h, and rubbed together, respectively. These transferred amounts of bacteria are significant and have the potential to spread infectious diseases.     

Justifications for Non-Consensual Medical Intervention: From Infectious Disease Control to Criminal Rehabilitation

A central tenet of medical ethics holds that it is permissible to perform a medical intervention on a competent individual only if that individual has given informed consent to the intervention. Yet it occasionally seems morally permissible to carry out non-consensual medical interventions on competent individuals for the purpose of infectious disease control (IDC). We describe two different moral frameworks that have been invoked in support of non-consensual IDC interventions and identify five desiderata that might be used to guide assessments of the moral permissibility of such interventions on either kind of fundamental justification. We then consider what these desiderata imply for the justifiability of carrying out non-consensual medical interventions that are designed to facilitate rehabilitation amongst serious criminal offenders. We argue that these desiderata suggest that a plausible case can be made in favor of such interventions.     

电针激活Nrf2/HO-1通路抗帕金森病模型小鼠氧化应激的机制研究

目的 观察电针“风府”“太冲”“足三里”穴对帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)模型小鼠大脑纹状体中酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase, TH)、核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)、血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)水平的影响,探讨电针治疗PD的可能机制。方法 将30只小鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组和电针组,每组10只。模型组、电针组小鼠按照30 mg/kg腹腔注射1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, MPTP)制备PD小鼠模型。电针组小鼠给予“风府”“太冲”“足三里”穴电针干预,每日1次,每次30 min,连续干预12 d。其余两组小鼠不予任何干预。采用爬杆实验和悬挂实验观察3组小鼠行为学改变,旷场实验观察小鼠自主运动总路程,免疫组织化学法检测小鼠大脑纹状体中TH表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR法检测小鼠大脑纹状体中Nrf2、超氧...     

芪白平肺胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病痰瘀阻肺证大鼠血清CAM-2和VEGF的影响

目的 观察芪白平肺胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)痰瘀阻肺证大鼠血清钙调节蛋白-2（calmodulin-2,CAM-2）和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)的影响,探究其作用机制。方法 将280只SD大鼠随机分为正常组（60只）、模型组（60只）、芪白平肺胶囊预防组（芪预组,40只）、芪白平肺胶囊治疗组（芪治组,40只）、尼可地尔预防组（尼预组,40只）、尼可地尔治疗组（尼治组,40只）。采用连续4周的强迫游泳、烟熏和低氧应激的复合方法复制COPD痰瘀阻肺证大鼠模型。正常组和模型组分别在实验第4周、第8周、第12周各处死20只大鼠,检测血清CAM-2和VEGF水平;芪预组和尼预组均在模型复制同时预防性给药4周,分别在实验第4周、第8周各处死20只大鼠,检测血清CAM-2和VEGF水平;芪治组和尼治组均在模型复制结束后连续给药4周,分别在实验第8周、第12周各处死20只大鼠,检测血清CAM-2和VEGF水平。结果 两因素方差分析结果显示,模型因素和时间因素对大鼠血清CAM-2和VEGF水平的主效应及其交互作用均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在实验第4周、第8周、第12周,模型组大鼠血清CAM-2水平均显著低于正常组（P<0.05）,血清VEGF水平均显著高于正常组（P<0.05）。与同时间模型组比较,尼预组和芪预组大鼠血清CAM-2水平显著升高（P<0.05）,而血清VEGF水平显著降低（P<0.05）。与同时间尼预组比较,芪预组CAM-2水平显著升高（P<0.05）,VEGF水平显著降低（P<0.05）。与同一时间模型组比较,芪治组和尼治组大鼠血清CAM-2水平显著升高（P<0.05）,VEGF水平显著降低（P<0.05）;在实验第12周,芪治组大鼠血清VEGF水平显著低于尼治组（P<0.05）。结论 芪白平肺胶囊和尼可地尔预防性给药和治疗性给药均可调节COPD痰瘀阻肺证大鼠血清CAM-2和VEGF的异常,芪白平肺胶囊的远期效应优于尼可地尔。     

细菌素在动物疾病防治中的作用和机理研究进展

从细菌素的性质、生产与制备、在动物疾病防治中的作用、抑(杀)菌机理及安全性评价等方面概述了此类由细菌分泌的高效抗菌蛋白类物质的研究进展。认为,细菌素不仅在体外对各种致病菌具有较强的抑杀作用,而且经口服能显著抑制动物胃肠道内的有害菌,腹腔或静脉注射后可防治动物全身性细菌感染,无任何毒害作用,是一类可用于动物疾病防治的理想的抗生素替代品。     

一种新禽病——禽卡氏杆菌病的研究进展

概述了禽卡氏杆菌的病原特征,阐述了该病原在分离培养、流行病学、诊断方法、防控措施以及流行现状等方面的研究进展,包括组织学、免疫学、分子生物学等方面所取得的进展,旨在为研究该病提供理论参考.