福州晋安河水域浮游微藻种群18SrDNA分析

目的应用分子生物学方法分析浮游微藻18SrDNA序列,分析福州晋安河浮游微藻种群分布。方法在晋安河分段设立11个点采集和水样本,采用优化CTAB法提取水样总DNA,通过PCR技术扩增并对浮游微藻18SrDNA序列进行测序,应用NCBI数据库序列进行比对筛选,分析该河段浮游微藻分布情况。结果筛选出67条浮游微藻序列,11个采样点部分藻类分布存在差异,常见种群为硅藻门藻类占40%,绿藻门藻类占12%,金藻门藻类占43%,原生动物类占5%,其中硅藻和金藻为优势种群。结论晋安河福州市河段内浮游微藻种群分布有一定特征,浮游微藻18SrDNA序列分析可望成为法医学溺水死亡鉴定的新方法。     

Comparison of two methods for isolating DNA from human skeletal remains for STR analysis

Abstract: The quality and efficiency of a standard organic DNA isolation method and a silica‐based method using the QIAGEN Blood Maxi Kit were compared to obtain human DNA and short tandem repeats (STRs) profiles from 39 exhumed bone samples for paternity testing. DNA samples were quantified by real‐time PCR, and STR profiles were obtained using the AmpFlSTR^® Identifiler^® PCR amplification kit. Overall, the silica‐based method recovered less DNA ranging from 0 to 147.7 ng/g (average 7.57 ng/g, median = 1.3 ng/g) than did the organic method ranging from 0 to 605 ng/g (average 44.27 ng/g, median = 5.8 ng/g). Complete profiles (16/16 loci tested) were obtained from 37/39 samples (95%) using the organic method and from 9/39 samples (23%) with the silica‐based method. Compared with a standard organic DNA isolation method, our results indicate that the published silica‐based method does not improve neither the quality nor the quantity of DNA for STR profiling.     

Maxwell 16裂解纯化法提取陈旧精子DNA的应用

目的利用Maxwell 16裂解纯化法从保存8年以上陈旧精斑检材中获取精子DNA。方法 8份陈旧精斑检材采用Maxwell 16裂解纯化法提取精子DNA,并采用Powerplex○R21试剂盒进行复合扩增,产物用AB3130型遗传分析仪检测,结果与常规方法进行对比。结果成功获得8份陈旧精斑检材精子STR分型。结论差异裂解配合Maxwell 16裂解在陈旧精斑检材精子DNA检验中效果明显。     

The Linux FAT32 allocator and file creation order reconstruction

The allocation algorithm of the Linux FAT32 file system driver positions files on disk in such a way that their relative positions reveal information on the order in which these files have been created. This provides an opportunity to enrich information from (carved) file fragments with time information, even when such file fragments lack the file system metadata in which time-related information is usually to be found.Through source code analysis and experiments the behaviour of the Linux FAT allocator is examined. How an understanding of this allocator can be applied in practice is demonstrated with a case study involving a TomTom GPS car navigation device. In this case, time information played a crucial role. Large amounts of location records could be carved from this device's flash storage, yielding insight into the locations the device has visited—yet the carved records themselves offered no information on when the device had been at the locations. Still, bounds on the records' time of creation could be inferred when making use of filesystem timestamps related to neighbouring on-disk positions.Finally, we perform experiments which contrast the Linux behaviour with that of Windows 7. We show that the latter differs subtly, breaking the strong relation between creation order and position.     

State transformation goes nuclear: Chinese National Nuclear Companies’ expansion into Europe

Abstract

Most of the literature on state transformation focuses on China’s relations with African, Asian and Latin American countries and the National Oil Companies’ overseas expansion to show that China has become fragmented, decentralised and internationalised. This article contributes novel findings by focusing on China’s relations with Europe and the actions of China’s National Nuclear Companies (NNCs). It shows that NNCs, which have become relatively autonomous actors, often pursue their agendas of expansion into Europe without much coordination with, or even in contradiction to, other ministries’ agendas and interests, especially the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Instead of being orchestrated by the central government, their expansion reflects considerable disorganisation and sometimes undermines China’s official strategy. The article demonstrates this through case studies of NNCs’ involvement in the UK and Romania.     

黄芪-丹参对动脉粥样硬化大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 研究黄芪-丹参对动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis，AS）大鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 将大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、辛伐他汀组（1 mg/kg）、黄芪-丹参组（0.75 g/kg），采用高脂饲料喂养联合腹腔注射维生素D3 8周的方法复制AS模型，同时灌胃给药。采用自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）、三酰甘油（Triacylglycerol, TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C）水平，采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β，IL-1β）水平，光学显微镜下观察胸主动脉病理变化，采用生物信息分析方法观察大鼠结肠内容物肠道菌群变化。结果 与空白组比较，模型组大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平明显升高（P<0.05），HDL-C水平明显降低（P<0.05），胸主动脉血管内皮损伤严重，可见明显蓝色钙状斑块，结肠内容物肠道菌群Berger-Parker、Simpson指数明显降低（P<0.05），放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）和杜氏杆菌属（Dubosiella）群落丰度明显降低（P<0.05），变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）以及布劳特氏菌属（Blautia）、unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae和Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group群落丰度明显升高（P<0.05）。与模型组比较，黄芪-丹参组大鼠血清血脂和炎症因子水平明显改善（P<0.05），胸主动脉血管内皮无明显损伤及增厚，大致恢复正常，结肠内容物肠道菌群Berger-Parker、Simpson指数明显升高（P<0.05），放线菌门、乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属和杜氏杆菌属群落丰度明显升高（P<0.05），变形菌门、疣微菌门以及布劳特氏菌属、unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae和Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group群落丰度明显降低（P<0.05）。〖JP〗结论 黄芪-丹参治疗AS的作用机制可能是通过调控肠道菌群改善血脂代谢和抑制炎症水平实现的。     

Ubuntuism as a Foundation of Media Ethics in Zimbabwe? Journalists’ Perspectives and Discontents

Abstract

There are debates on the relevance of Eurocentric normative frameworks for studying the media in post-colonial Africa. Emerging from these debates is a rebuttal of the dominant Western-derived paradigms for the conceptualisation of journalistic norms, values and practices. Given that the dominant Western liberal models for normative media ethics are incongruent to the needs of Africa, there is a growing call to reconceptualise media ethics anchored upon alternative epistemologies and moral foundations such as ubuntuism. Although there is existing scholarship on ubuntuism as a framework for media ethics in Africa, none of these studies has focused particularly on Zimbabwe. Using the 16 August 2019 (hereafter August 16) protests as a photojournalistic “moment” as a frame, this article explores the views and perspectives of Zimbabwean journalists on their understanding of media ethics and professionalism. Further, it probes the possibilities of ubuntuism as a moral foundation of journalistic practice in the country. Journalists’ views are diverse and contested on the nature and practice of media ethics in the country. Although ubuntuism is touted as a normative framework for media ethics, the Western liberal perspectives remain dominant. As such, post-colonial theory offers a useful approach to understanding the interconnections, contradictions and tensions underpinning media ethics in post-colonial Zimbabwe.     

小学教师人格特征和学生学业成绩的相关研究

本运用心理学及教育生态学的方法对南京市五所小学毕业班教师人格特征与所教班级学生学业成绩作了相关研究,结果表明：小学教师的某些人格特征与学生的学业成绩有着较高相关,其中,兴奋性与学生的语成绩呈显负相关;聪慧性、稳定性、实验性与学生的教学成绩的相关以显示水平,小学教师的某些人格特征与学生的学业成绩的相关要高于小学教师的年龄、学历与学生的学业成绩的相关,小学教师的人格特征中聪慧性和兴奋性与学生的语     

深入认识和把握构建和谐社会的三个重大问题

构建社会主义和谐社会是党中央提出的社会主义现代化建设的战略目标和任务。怎样正确认识和把握和谐社会的理论和实践,科学地判断和认识当前我国出现的不和谐因素并采取积极的措施加以解决,具有重大现实意义。     

Identification of forensically important sarcophagid flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in China, based on COI and 16S rDNA gene sequences

Insects attracted to cadavers may provide important indications of the postmortem interval (PMI). However, use of the flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) for PMI estimation is limited as the species are often not morphologically distinct, especially as immatures. In this study, 23 forensically important flesh flies were collected from 13 locations in 10 Chinese provinces. Then, a 278-bp segment of the cytochrome oxidase subunits one (COI) gene and a 289-bp segment of the 16S rDNA gene of all specimens were successfully sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced segments showed that all sarcophagid specimens were properly assigned into four species (Boerttcherisca peregrina [Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830], Helicophagella melanura [Meigen, 1826], Parasarcophaga albiceps [Meigen, 1826], and Parasarcophaga dux [Thompson, 1869]) with relatively strong supporting values, thus indicating that the COI and 16S rDNA regions are suitable for identification of sarcophagid species. The difference between intraspecific threshold and interspecific divergence confirmed the potential of the two regions for sarcophagid species identification.