音乐特长儿童的智力结构特点及其与学业成绩的关系

作者对音乐特长儿童和普通儿童的智力测验结果进行了比较,分析了音乐特长儿童在智力和智力结构上的特点,并考察了这种特点与学业成绩之间的关系。结果发现,音乐特长儿童的总体智力位于中等智力水平。他们的智力结构表现为,词汇、常识方面的发展较为突出。他们学业成绩与普通学生相比,语文、英语成绩要明显在优于普通生,而数学成绩则与普通儿童之间没有显著差异。进一步分析表明,这种学业成绩的表现与其智力结构的特点是相一致的。     

公司法人格否认制度的适用和界定

公司法人格否认制度,是指当公司被其背后的股东操纵以致丧失其独立人格而被用以规避法律、逃避契约义务或社会责任时,法院基于法人制度的本质和目的,就特定当事人间的某一具体的法律关系否认公司法人格的存在,直接对隐藏在公司背后的操纵人进行追索的法律制度。近几年来,我国学术界对公司法人格否认制度的适用条件及其与相关制度的区别一直未能形成较为统一的认识。而对公司法人格否认的正确适用和界定,无论对于该制度还是公司法人制度本身,都具有非常重要的意义。这是因为,虽然公司法人格否认的效力具有特定性,并非对公司法人全面的否认和彻底的消灭,只是“在某些情形下由公司形式所竖立起     

略论法律人格的内涵变迁及立法评判

文章论证了民事权利能力与法律人格具有等值性,批驳了某些不合理主张;分析了法律人格内涵的抽象性及其变迁,并对我国法律人格立法进行了评判,提出了完善建议,指出应当承认人身权在一定条件下具有让与性.     

爱与害的学问

正在孩子成长过程中,打还是不打,这是在中国现有教育体制下的一门关于"爱和害"的学问。中国式考试的分数是评价学生学业成绩的最主要方式,而学生成绩又是评价学生好与坏的最主要标准,这个时候,家长可能认为,"打"会迅速帮助孩子"长记性"提高成绩,成为一个好孩子有一个好前途;"不打",孩子可能会"一错再错",成绩下降前途黯淡。不可否认,现有的考试体制和就业形势都要求孩子有过硬的成绩,同时,现在的     

论职务犯罪心理及其预防

职务犯罪作为智能型犯罪的特殊类型,犯罪人在绝对权力欲、人格结构某些因素的偏离、自我评价系统的偏差、社会浮躁心理的助长等社会文化心理因素的相互作用中形成了职务犯罪行为发生的犯罪心理品质(变型的价值观念、明显而强烈的贪利性动机、极端的意志两极性特征、隐蔽性与深刻体验性的情绪情感、消极的职业人格特征等方面);职务犯罪心理的形成以其犯罪动机为核心经历旁观刺激、价值观念动摇、犯罪决意、强化等四阶段相应地在进行职务犯罪预防时可以采取健康人格塑造策略、自我调节机制、心理监测、咨询与矫治手段等方面的预防、警示、惩戒与惩治相结合、心理--社会文化的综合治理模式     

监所在押人员的人格因素对心理适应的影响研究

人格因素作为应激过程的心理中介因素,通过认知因素和应对因素的作用在一定程度上影响应激反应类型、强度和对应激的耐受能力,调节着刺激与应激反应之间、心理应激与疾病之间的关系。因此,在使用艾森克人格问卷对在押人员人格特征进行测查基础上,分析了在押人员人格特征与其在羁押环境下心理适应之间的关系,并提出了完善人格特征,提高心理适应性的相关举措。     

商事人格权刍议

传统的人格权概念及规范是以自然人为基点而展开的 ,其目的在于保障人格之完整性与不可侵犯性 ,着重于非财产性的、普通民事人格利益之保护。而随着社会的发展变化 ,在这种普通的人格利益之外 ,又分离、形成了一种包含金钱价值在内的相对独立的特定人格利益———商事人格利益。商事人格权所保护的客体就是自然人和法人的商事人格利益。商事人格利益一方面表现于自然人的一部分人格因素商品化 ,如姓名、肖像等被进行商业利用 ,其人格利益已经包含了丰富的经济利益内容 ,出现了人格权的商事化 ,也被称之为人格商品化权 ;另一方面表现于从事商事活动的自然人和法人 (如公司等 )所拥有的商号 (商业名称 )、商誉、商业信用和商业秘密等人格因素的经济利益性 ,它们与普通的名称、名誉、信用以及生活秘密等人格因素具有很大的差别 ,包含着极大的财产价值。因此 ,商事人格权既兼具人格权与财产权的双重属性 ,又不同于一般的人格权与财产权 ,具有自己的特征 ,是人格权与财产权发展、交汇的产物     

人格障碍的犯罪学特征

人格障碍是由于教养、环境、生活经历而造成人格异常的病理性极端变异 ,表现出性格上、嗜好上的怪癖。人格特征发展的偏离 ,形成特有的行为模式 ,这种异常的人格发展颇具危害性 ,与犯罪行为有较密切的关系 ,故为各相关学科所广泛研究。本文对人格障碍者在司法鉴定过程中所表现出的犯罪心理和行为特点进行分析 ,探讨与犯罪相关的问题。1　对象与方法1 1　对象取自北京市安康医院 1988～ 2 0 0 2年司法精神病鉴定中诊断为人格障碍的涉及刑事犯罪案件者 90例。诊断标准依据《中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准》第二版[1] 。所纳入的 90例包括六…     

重刑犯人格基本特征及其影响因素的实证研究

目的为了解重刑犯人格基本特征及相关影响因素,为监狱在教育改造重刑犯、对重刑犯进行心理辅导和心理干预提供依据.方法采用《中国罪犯心理测试个性分测验》（COPA-PI）问卷对福建省四个监狱随机整群抽取678名重刑犯进行施测.结果与常模相比,重刑犯除了外倾、变态心理的人格特征与常模无显著差异外（p＞0.05）,在聪敏、同情、从属、波动、冲动、戒备、自卑、焦虑、暴力倾向、犯罪思维等因子均有非常显著的差异（p＜0.001）;文化程度对聪颖性、同情心有正向预测作用,分别解释变异量的12.2％和19.2％,对从属性和戒备心理有负向预测作用,分别解释的变异量的10.3％和9.3％;家庭经济状况对聪颖性和自卑性有负向预测作用,分别解释变异量的11.5％和9.5％;判刑次数对波动性、戒备性和暴力倾向有正向预测作用分别解释变异量的8.7％,9.5％和9.1％;婚姻状况对自卑性有负向预测作用,能解释变异量的9.1％.结论重刑犯与普通罪犯存在人格差异,比普通罪犯有更多人格缺陷,文化程度、家庭经济状况、判刑次数和婚姻状况对罪犯人格有一定影响,需要根据其人格特征采取有针对性的预防和矫治策略.     

人体基因法益权利化保护论纲——基于“人格物”创设的视角

人体基因是镶嵌人格利益的物,具有物质与信息的一体性、高价值性与高风险性并存的特征,并由此衍生出人格法益与财产法益的组合。然而,传统民法上人与物、主体与客体二分体系并未纳入此类新型复合法益,以致于现行民事权利体系无法适应基因法益定位的现实需求。人格物的提出,为基因法益权利化提供了契机,其在人与物二分体系之外另辟蹊径,重构并发展民事权利的概念工具体系,尝试以新的权益类型跨领域地实现人格法益与财产法益的整合与对接,并藉由人格物权利化构建人体基因作为人格物保护的请求权基础、物权规则、人格权制度和侵权救济规则的构成体系,以积极回应基因科技所衍生之新型复合法益的规制需求。     

三、五年级学英语起点和语音发展的实验研究

本研究比较三、五年级起点的学生英语语音语调的发展.研究采用准实验设计,样本包括198名中国小学三、五年级学生和15名美国小学生.学年结束时,对被试施行朗读测验、单人单盒磁带录音并将录音带匿名编号、随机混合,由3名英美人以随机顺序各自独立评分.结果表明:无论是按学校分类、按性别分类、还是按任课教师分类,五年级被试的平均分都显著地高于三年级被试,且处于最高分数段者也多是五年级被试.     

Predicting turnover of police officers using the sixteen personality factor questionnaire

This study examined the relationship between personality characteristics assessed by the sixteen personality factor questionnaire (16PF) and turnover. The sample consisted of 280 police officers who voluntarily terminated their employment during an eight-year period and 280 officers who remained employed in the police force. A limited number of personality characteristics were found to predict turnover. These were Factor C: affected by feelings versus emotionally stable, Factor I: tough-minded versus tender-minded, and Factor H: shy versus venturesome. Contrary to expectation, two conscientiousness scales (Factor O: placid versus apprehension, and Factor Q4: relaxed versus tense) and two emotional stability scales (Factor O: placid versus apprehension, and Factor Q4: relaxed versus tense) were unrelated to turnover. The authors also explored the existence of differential validity based on gender; no evidence of this was found.     

儿童学习动机类型与创造力倾向关系的研究

本研究采用问卷法,对小学生的学习动机类型,创造性倾向以及二之间的关系进行了研究。368名有效被试来自南京市三所普通小学的三、四、五年级学生。研究结果表明：（1）在我国小学生中,确实存在内部动机和外部动机两种学习动机类型,三年级学生与四、五年级学生相比,更多地表现出外部动机占主导地位,随着年级的增长,小学生中学习动机类型为内部动机的人数逐渐增多。但两种不同的动机类型依然存在。（2）随着年级的增长,小学生的创造性倾向呈现出一种正增长的趋势：四、五年级学生比三年级学生有更高的创造性倾向。（3）不同学习动机类型小学生的创造性倾向表现出显差异。持内部学习动机的小学生在总的创造性倾向上优于持外部动机的小学生。     

Schools and the prevention of petty crime: Search for a missing link

Earlier research on the relation between school features and petty crime suggests that schools can intentionally influence the crime rate of the pupils. These findings were the starting point for a Dutch study at secondary schools of the same type in Dutch towns. The study focused on effects on the delinquency of third-year low-stream pupils (aged 15–17). For the study a control theory was formulated, a conditional control theory, which, in contrast to Hirschi's social control theory, recognizes possible delinquent influences of the pupils' network. In the study a strong statistical relation between integration of pupils in school and petty crime was found. However, I found almost no influence of the studied school features on integration and petty crime. These results led to the question whether the real important feature of schools had been neglected in the study. This seems not to be the case. A multilevel analysis shows that it is unlikely that there is major impact of schools on the integration of pupils, on delinquency, or on the relationship between integration and delinquency. This can be the result of special aspects of the Dutch school system and of the neglect of theory in earlier research.     

Psychopathy,intelligence, and impulsivity in German violent offenders

Previous studies have reported numerous correlations between psychopathy and various personality traits, behavioural tendencies or clinical characteristics. The present study examined in greater depth the relationships between the components of psychopathy as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL-R) and intelligence as well as impulsivity. A total of ninety male violent offenders were recruited from a prison and a forensic–psychiatric hospital in Germany. All of the subjects were assessed using the PCL-R, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and a short version of the German Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WIP). As expected, a canonical correlation analysis showed a negative association between spatial intelligence and the Factor 2 subtotal on the PCL-R (reckless lifestyle/antisociality). In addition, our results agreed with the assumption of an association between impulsivity and the subtotal for PCL-R Factor 2. The positive relationship between verbal intelligence and the subtotal for Factor 1 of the PCL-R (insincere, manipulative conduct/affective deficits) vanished after controlling for educational level. The results indicate that there is a relationship between the spatial components of intelligence and the concept of psychopathy as described by Hare. This result supports the spatial impairment aetiological model of antisocial behaviour.     

弘扬中华法律文化,共铸世界法律文明

习近平法治思想的内涵之一,就是总结我国古代法制传统和成败得失,挖掘和传承中华法律文化精华。在中华法律文化中,最能体现其特色和亮点的成果,就是一个法学学派即法家、一部著名律典即《唐律疏议》、一个庞大法系即中华法系、一门原创学科即法医学、一部经典判例集即《刑案汇览》、一个法律家群体即律家。正是这些成果,使中华法律文化跻身于古代世界法律文明之林。至近代,这些成果由于各种复杂的原因,日渐暗淡,不再辉煌。至当代,随着中华民族的重新崛起,如何将上述成果中的精华分离出来,予以发扬光大,使其成为建设社会主义法治国家的优秀的文化遗产,并为铸造当代世界法律文明做出贡献,是当代中国法律工作者义不容辞的光荣职责和神圣使命。     

人格研究的生物学取向述评

从生物学角度对人格进行研究，是探索人格奥秘的重要手段。人格的生物学研究方法和途径可分为两类：一是以研究大脑和人格的关系为基础，来建构人格的生理理论；二是以双生子研究为基础，来探索人格的基因问题。本文主要介绍了人格的生物学研究新进展，其中包括泽克曼建立的人格心理生物理论、基因研究的社会学新方向及环境测量中的基因变化等问题     

Social capital,individual disorders and property offences

This paper examines the relevance to delinquency of social capital that is directly embedded in the relationships that teenagers have with peers, parents, and those in positions of authority and those indirect social capital that teenagers may benefit due their parents' relations with their school or friends. The analysis employs data from the Canadian National Survey of Children. The study shows that personality traits are the most important predictors of property offences. Nevertheless, we also show the importance of social relationships embedded directly in individuals themselves and these are more important than those embedded indirectly through their family. Well connected youth with good friends and quality teachers commit significantly less property offences when controlling for personality traits and parents' social capital.     

19世纪德国人格权理论之辩

19世纪德国人格权理论硕果累累,其发展道路虽曲折,但学者多赞同之。日耳曼法学派是德国人格权理论的完成者,基尔克创建了完整的人格权理论体系。相关理论在德国民法典立法过程中被反复论辩,然最终却被放弃,此为潘德克吞法学形式逻辑的败笔。     

School climate and delinquency – on the significance of the perceived social and learning climate in school for refraining from offending

School is regarded as a central arena for crime prevention. This study analyses the effects of student perceptions of school contextual aspects on self-reported offending, using logistic regression with control for clustering effects. The data comprise a census of pupils in year nine in comprehensive school (15 year olds) and in year two of upper secondary school (17 year olds) in the City of Stockholm in 2006, 2008 and 2010 (n = 25,850 of which 47% are boys and 53% are girls). Besides showing that several aspects of students’ perceptions of the school setting have direct protective effects on offending, the study shows that perceiving schoolwork as meaningful appears to moderate the effect of adverse home conditions on delinquency for boys. The only aspect of school investigated in this study that was not significantly related to offending was the perception of classroom order, indicating that emotional support from teachers is more important for crime preventive implications than maintaining order in the classroom. Controlling for clustering effects shows differences in offending between classes and schools that are not produced by differences between the students.