环境损害赔偿与公益信托——以福岛核事故为中心

福岛核辐射事故造成包括森林、海洋、湖泊、地下水等的环境损害,其中,有些是私人受到了损害,有些是社会受到了损害。这些损害应该如何赔偿?特别是自然资源价值的赔偿是问题的难点所在,比如自然资源之森林,交换价值的赔偿应归属于所有人,其非使用价值则应归属于公众。因此,非使用价值则应赔偿给公众。但是,如何归属呢?对此,宜采用公益信托理念,由国家或地方政府作为受托人,为了社会整体享有利益,请求赔偿。而赔偿方式也是一个重要问题,一般有恢复原状、金钱赔偿两种,一般计算出的环境价值减少部分低于恢复原状的费用,但如果能准确计算出全部自然资源价值,环境价值减少部分与恢复原状的费用基本上相同。因此,公益受托人可以选择任何一种适于该情形的赔偿。     

韩中建交二十一年——论充实、拓展韩中关系与学术交流的重要性

韩中建交以来,双边关系分别经历了"发展阶段"(1992~1998年)、"构建阶段"(1998~2003年)、"提升阶段"(2003~2008年)等三个历史过程。现在,两国关系已经开始进入"强化阶段",即"充实、拓展两国关系内涵阶段"。中国外交部韩半岛事务副代表徐步对韩中建交20年给予了积极的评价。他指出:"在过去二十年间,两国加强了政治互信和战略沟通,韩国是第一个承认中国的完整市场经济地位的国家,是中国主要的贸易伙伴。两国间人员往来十分频繁,在处理国际和区域问题时始终坚持相互沟通与合作的原则。"建交21年来,两国关系取得了飞跃发展,但在诸多领域仍存在矛盾、摩擦。因此,本文在回顾两国关系发展过程中的一些摩擦,并为消除两国关系未来发展障碍提供两点建议。     

Voices of discontent: Student protest participation in Romania

In January 2012, in several cities of Romania, people turned out to streets to protest. The protests were linked to the wave of movements such as the Indignados or Occupy Wall Street. The students were especially visible among protesters. In this paper, we show that the profile of protests in Romania witnessed a significant shift from workers strikes for higher wages and better jobs, during communism and in the 1990ies, to social movements in which young urban educated citizens mobilize with the help of social networks for issues that are linked to the quality of democracy and life.Furthermore, the shift in protesting is associated, at the individual level, with distrust of the political system, which stimulates engaging in demonstrations. Interestingly, online activism accelerates the feeling of shared distrust of institutions, motivating youth to engage in protest participation, although the effects might be moderate and the causal arrow somewhat uncertain. The hypotheses are tested with data from a general survey on participation in 2012 and a student survey from October 2012. We find that gender, distrust in institutions and family income influence protest behavior. Time spent online has a negative effect on protest engagement and online activism is related to protest behavior.     

Mobile entrepreneurs in post-Soviet Central Asia

In this paper I present an analysis of a mobile entrepreneur and his transnational economic activities in post-Soviet space. I argue that the space of informal economic activities of mobile entrepreneurs are structured by trust-networks in the sense Tilly (2005) uses it. In this context the concept of tirikchilik (an Uzbek term for ‘muddling through’ or survival) which defines the space of informal economic activities is important to decipher. Tirikchilik unifies various economic activities which vary from trade, service delivery, middleman services, administration and any kind of activity that generates some cash.     

大学生个人社会资本与其成长关系的实证研究

大学生个人社会资本有助于大学生在校的成长与发展。大学生个人社会资本有两个维度:社会活动网络规模、私人关系网络规模。大学生在校成长状况有四个维度:学习成绩、组织实践能力、心理自信度、心理开放度。大学生个人社会资本的社会活动网络规模仅对大学生在校学习成绩和组织实践能力有显著的正向促进作用,与其心理自信度和心理开放度不存在显著的相关性;大学生个人社会资本的私人关系网络规模对大学生在校学习成绩和组织实践能力有显著的正向促进作用,对其心理自信度存在较为显著的正向促进作用,而对其心理开放度并不产生显著影响。因此,学校及大学生对个人社会资本的重视有助于大学生的在校成长及发展。     

Woodcock v Cumbria Primary Care Trust: The Objective Justification Test for Age Discrimination

This note discusses the limits to the defence of objective justification when applied to direct age discrimination, specifically with regard to situations where the employer attempts to rely on cost‐saving as a legitimate aim. The author examines the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (formerly the European Court of Justice, ECJ) on which this case relies, and considers whether the defence has been interpreted too widely, opening up the possibility of cost‐saving as a defence to discrimination on the grounds of this particular protected characteristic. The note concludes that, while cost‐saving cannot be the sole justification for less favourable treatment by employers, it may nevertheless form part of an overall legitimate aim when coupled with additional factors.     

Financialisation, Financial Literacy and Asset-Based Welfare

This article examines New Labour's policies of asset-based welfare in the broader context of financialisation. It argues that these are indicative of a mode of government concerned to alter individual outlooks and aspirations, and that asset-based welfare, as developed by New Labour, is primarily a strategy for enhancing financial literacy. Exploring and identifying the general contours of New Labour's reform of welfare provision (particularly the rise of conditionality and personalisation), the article presents a case study of the Child Trust Fund, its development and marketing. The article closes with reflections on the fate of such policies after the sub-prime mortgage crisis.     

从对手到伙伴：革新开放以来的越美关系

1995年越美建交后，在共同的战略利益的驱使下，两国关系迅速发展，从过去的“对手关系”发展成现在的全面接触与合作的“伙伴关系”。在越美关系发展的过程中，有四个因素起着重要的作用，它们是经济因素、军事安全战略因素、大国平衡因素和政治因素。这四个因素在某种程度上都能够对越美关系的发展方向起决定性的影响作用，但它们发挥作用的方式各不相同，在不同的时间段，对越美关系的影响力也各不相同。这四个影响两国关系发展的因素处于不断的变化之中，彼此间的此消彼长关系将从根本上影响越美关系的大局。     

信托识别制度初探——兼论完善我国信托识别制度

信托识别产生的原因在于各国在相继采用信托制度的同时,对信托定义模式、信托当事人的范围、信托财产所有权的界定、信托管理行为的性质等方面存在认识上的差异。为求同存异,统一认识,信托识别应运而生,其对象包括冲突规范的"范围"和"系属"两部分内容,依据在于各国的国内法。而我国信托法由于欠缺识别制度,为该法的国际接轨带来了障碍。     

中国国民党的转型:背景、内容与成效

随着第三波民主化浪潮的兴起,台湾开始了由传统的党国威权体制向民主体制的转型.在这一过程中,国民党以党务革新为标志,开始了自身的适应性转型.这一次有点被动的转型,标志着国民党已经不能按照过去的方式来统治台湾,它必须对政党本身和政治体制本身进行变革,以适应台湾社会的变迁,并延续政党的生命力.虽然国民党的改革已经不是第一次,但是这次转变,是国民党在民主转型时期进行的、迁台近四十年来的第一次重大转型,虽没有与过去"完全决裂",但在组织结构、意识形态和党政运作方面,却也基本决裂了.