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11.
Although there are many roadside testing devices available for the screening of abused drugs, none of them can be used for the detection of ketamine, a popular abused drug in Hong Kong. In connection to local drug driving legislation, effective roadside detection of ketamine in suspected drug-impaired drivers has to be established. According to the drug evaluation and classification program (DEC), ketamine is classified in the phencyclidine (PCP) category. However, no study has been performed regarding the signs and symptoms exhibited by users under the influence of ketamine. In a study to develop a protocol for effective roadside detection of drug-impaired drivers, 62 volunteers exiting from discos were assessed using field impairment tests (FIT) that included measurements of three vital signs (i.e. body temperature, pulse rate and blood pressure), three eye examinations [pupil size, lack of convergence (LOC) and horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN)] and four divided attention tests (Romberg, one-leg stand, finger-to-nose and walk-and-turn tests). Subsequent laboratory analysis of oral fluid and urine samples from the participants revealed the presence of common abused drugs in both the urine and oral fluid samples of 55 subjects. The remaining 7 subjects with no drug in their oral fluid samples were used as drug-free subjects. In addition, 10 volunteers from the laboratory who were regarded as drug-free subjects were also assessed using the same FIT. Among the 62 volunteers, 39 of them were detected with ketamine in their oral fluid. Of these ketamine users, 21 of them (54%) with only ketamine found in their oral fluid samples while the rest (18 subjects) of them had other drugs (i.e. MA, MDMA, benzodiazepines and/or THC) in addition to ketamine. Of the 21 ketamine-only users, 15 of them (71%) were successfully identified by FIT. It was found that when salivary ketamine concentrations were greater than 300 ng/mL, signs of impairment became evident, with over 90% detection rate using the FIT. By comparing the FIT observations on the 21 ketamine-only users with the drug-free subjects, the typical signs and symptoms observable for subjects under the influence of ketamine included LOC, HGN, elevated pulse rate and in general, failing the divided attention tests, especially the walk-and-turn and one-leg stand. 相似文献
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This research demonstrates the value of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) as a research tool in osteological studies, and diagenetic studies in particular. LSCM combines properties of light and scanning electron microscopy using laser light to excite fluorophores throughout the z-axis, developing a 3-D image. Using differential staining and selecting for specific wavelengths of light, one can image targeted materials. This research is divided into two parts: visualizing bone structures such as proteins and their decompositional products and visualizing diagenesis. Part one of this study utilized pig bones as a means of testing the overall ability of LSCM to fluoresce bone. Twenty-three samples were imaged, including 13 samples from a decompositional study conducted 5 years previous, and 10 “fresh” samples collected from a commercial butcher. This part of the study determined that protein and organic components of the bone could be fluoresced and diagenetic alteration could be imaged. The second part of the study used human samples as a means of imaging and mapping diagenetic alterations. The second part of the study used 13 samples, including 4 clinical, 7 ancient, and 2 modern controls. The pig study used Basic Fuchsin and SlowFade Gold stains, while the human study used toluidine blue. Images were also taken with unstained elements. The results of the non-human study found that a fresh bone fluoresced differently than that of a 5-year subset, while the results of the human study confirmed these findings and determined that the bone diagenesis can be mapped using LSCM. 相似文献
13.
目的 观察益气补肾化瘀方治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床疗效。方法 将64例早期糖尿病肾病患者分为对照组和治疗组,每组32例。对照组服用缬沙坦,治疗组服用缬沙坦和益气补肾化瘀方,疗程均为12周。比较两组治疗前后中医证候积分、血糖、血压、尿白蛋白排泄率(urinary albumin excretion rate,UAER)、24h尿蛋白定量(24-hour urine protein, 24hUP)、尿白蛋白与尿肌酐比值(urine albumin to creatinine ratio,UACR)变化情况。结果 治疗组临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗组治疗后中医证候积分显著下降(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后中医证候积分降低值显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、收缩压、UAER、24hUP、UACR均显著降低(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后FPG、UAER、24hUP、UACR降低值显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 益气补肾化瘀方可提高早期糖尿病肾病患者的临床疗效,减少尿蛋白。 相似文献
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DNase-Ⅰ纯化结合碱性裂解法提取混合斑精子DNA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的研究脱氧核糖核酸酶I(DNase-I)纯化结合碱性裂解法提取混合斑精子DNA的方法在法医学中的应用。方法收集79份性犯罪案件混合斑检材,分别用DNase-I纯化结合碱性裂解法和差异裂解法提取精子DNA,采用STR荧光标记复合扩增体系进行16个STR基因座分型,并比较检验结果。结果应用DNase-I纯化结合碱性裂解法提取精子DNA,64例检材分型成功;应用差异裂解法提取精子DNA,57例检材分型成功;两种方法比较结果存在显著性差异(P=0.039),DNase-1纯化结合碱性裂解法提取精子DNA的STR分型成功率更高,成本低廉。结论DNase-I纯化结合碱性裂解法提取混合斑精子DNA可提高检验成功率,操作简便,快速,易于自动化,适于法医学个体识别鉴定。 相似文献
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多虑平SPE-HPLC分析方法的建立及其应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 建立尿样和全血中多虑平的固相萃取 高效液相色谱 (SPE HPLC)分析方法。方法 以多沙普仑为内标 ,1ml尿样或 0 5ml全血用Oasis小柱固相萃取后进Lichrospher 10 0RP 18e ( 2 5 0mm× 4mm ,5 μm)分析柱进行分析 ,2 3 0、 2 5 0nm同时进行检测。结果 尿样和全血中的检测限均 2ng/ml,线性相关系数r≥ 0 9992 ,天内和天间精密度均小于 6 75 % ,绝对回收率大于 85 % ,内源性物质不干扰测定。结论 本法快速、简便、准确 ,可用于实际案例的检测。 相似文献
19.
A new isoelectric focusing method is described for phenotyping of esterase D in blood stains and hair roots. It permitted easy and rapid discrimination of six phenotypes determined by ESD*1, ESD*2 and ESD*7. Experiments showed it to be practicable in forensic stain work. In addition, this technique was also usable in phenotyping of ESD 5. 相似文献
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