论物权的性质

物权的性质是物权这一民事权利区别于他项民事权利如债权的标志。从民法发展史上看,物权的性质既是一个历史的概念,也是一个实定法上的概念。物权的性质主要包括：权利人直接支配标的物;权利人直接支配标的物而享受其利益;是一种绝对性权利;是一种独占性或排他性的权利;是一种不可侵性的权利等等。研究物权的性质,对于正确理解我国《物权法》第2条第3款关于物权定义的规定具有指导意义。     

A dedicated automated system for extraction, quantification and STR amplification of forensic evidence samples

Forensic DNA analysis is a multi-step process involving extraction of DNA, quantification of human DNA in the extract, amplification using multiplex STR systems, separation of products, and data analysis. The backlog of forensic casework is increasing worldwide. Automation is one significant way to alleviate the bottleneck of sample processing in forensic labs. The HID EVOlution™ Combination System described here is a robust, reliable sample processing platform, easily adapted to forensic laboratory workflows. Using a variety of forensic sample types including: blood stained FTA paper, cotton fabric and denim, dried blood spiked with known PCR inhibitors, saliva on cotton swabs, and semen stains, we found that yields of human DNA and STR profiles obtained with AmpFlSTR^® Idenitfiler^® kits were complete, highly reproducible, and equivalent to results obtained using the manual PrepFiler™ reagent extraction method. Automated operation was clean, and no cross-contamination was detected between extraction blanks and interspersed high DNA content samples.     

Validation of Reduced Reagent Volumes in the Implementation of the Quantifiler® Trio Quantification Kit

The Quantifiler^® Trio Quantification Kit has been developed to quantify the total amount of amplifiable and human male DNA in samples and to estimate the extent of DNA degradation. To minimize the cost of DNA quantification, we evaluated kit performance using a reduced volume of reagents (1/10‐volume) using DNA samples of varying types and concentrations. Our results demonstrated concordance between the manufacturer's method and the low‐volume method for DNA quantification, DNA degradation index estimation, and human male DNA quantification. We confirmed the practical utility of the low‐volume method with 109 casework samples by evaluating short tandem repeat (STR) profiling success with respect to DNA quantity and quality. We also defined a cutoff value for DNA quantity to ensure reliable STR results. Using a reduced volume of reagents, 10 times more reactions per kit are possible; accordingly, this method reduces the cost of DNA quantification, while maintaining performance.     

论近代所有权绝对原则遭遇的现代挑战

本文论述了近代所有权绝对原则的产生背景、主要内容及其在具体法制中的体现,并讨论了现代的所有权社会化、法律的泛经济化以及垄断性知识产权思潮对近代所有权绝对原则提出的挑战。     

税收协定的国内适用——基于《企业所得税法》第58条的考察

《企业所得税法》第58条试图全面解决税收协定在国内适用的三个问题,即条约的国内法效力、适用方式和法律位阶。对于如何理解第58条中的"不同规定"与"办理",存在"绝对主权说"和"国际条约说"之争。虽然两种学说的理论依据和具体主张有所不同,但它们均以维护法律体系的纯粹性为最高目标。这两种学说并不符合中国的混合一元条约适用体制。当前,中国应采取更具实质主义导向的方法适用税收协定。     

论身份权请求权

身份权请求权是民事权利保护的请求权体系中的一种。现代身份权完全区别于历史上的身份权,具有现代的特质。基于身份权的现代特质,身份权请求权具有独特而必要的法律地位。身份权请求权包括妨害预防请求权、妨害排除请求权和违反身份权相对效力而产生的身份权请求权,而确定身份权的请求权不属于身份权请求权的内容。身份权请求权在诉讼上表现为给付之诉。     

论绝对法律行为——透视法律行为理论中的盲点

民事权利有绝对权与相对权之分,民事法律关系有绝对法律关系和相对法律关系之别。法学界普遍承认绝对权和绝对法律关系存在的客观性,但目前还没有见到任何关于绝对法律行为和相对法律行为的论述。事实上,绝对法律行为不仅是客观存在的,而且具有可操作性,它对法律行为理论、民法制度设计和法学思考方法均有重大影响,法学研究中不应该忽视这个盲点。     

论法律价值的数量化

现代社会通过科学和货币经济的影响,形成了现代生活风格的算计特征,即把世界设想成一个巨大的算术问题,把发生的事件和事物质的规定性当成一个数字系统。无论是现代人建构的知识学还是通过货币影响了的现代生活,都充斥着定量的、算计的特征。当现代的知识和生活都已数量化了,法律价值自然也会数量化。     

Which trademarks are detrimental to socialist morals or customs or have other unhealthy influences according to Chinese trademark law？

The paper at hand analyses how the Chinese Trademark Office （CTMO） and the Chinese Trademark and Adjudication Board （TRAB） implement Article 10 cipher 8 paragraph 1 of the Chinese trademark law. This provision prohibits the use-and hence the registration-of certain words and devices as trademarks which are ＂detrimental to socialist morals or customs＂ or ＂have other unhealthy influences＂. The paper primarily intends to concretize this open-end provision for practitioners by giving examples of signs which have been rejected by the competent authorities in the past but may also deliver some amusing insights into Chinese conventions for Non-Chinese readers.     

绝对化用语广告过罚失当问题研究

2015年《广告法》修订后,对于绝对化用语广告处罚是否过罚失当引发争议。由于该类行为扰乱了市场秩序,损害了消费者和竞争者的合法权益,故应当受到法律规制。但是,关于如何确定罚款数额的问题,国家有限干预、经济公法等理论均无法清晰地予以解答。基于行政违法行为过罚相当原则的考量,建议从以下方面修改完善绝对化用语广告惩处制度:适度降低绝对化用语广告的起罚点,并增设"警告"条款;采取"销售额罚款"和"定额罚款"并存的处罚方式;统一广告监管执法中的裁量基准。