142例二轮摩托车驾乘人员损伤特征分析

目的分析二轮摩托车交通事故的现场特点和驾乘人员的损伤特征,为甄别摩托车驾乘人员提供信息。方法收集本区2005年至2014年142例二轮摩托车交通事故人员伤亡资料,包括事故经过、事故类型、现场特点、车辆特点、驾乘人员情况、损伤情况及死亡原因等相关资料,进行分析总结。结果二轮摩托车驾乘人员在各类型事故中的损伤部位和特征、出现率及严重程度有明显的区别,事故现场有规律性。结论通过现场与人体损伤特征的分析,可以甄别摩托车驾乘人员。     

椎弓崩裂与外伤伤病关系法医学鉴定26例分析

目的阐述椎弓崩裂与外伤之间伤病关系的法医学鉴定要点。方法收集26例椎弓崩裂案例,从年龄、伴随症状、治疗方式、致伤方式等方面讨论此类病例的特点。结果认定外伤与损伤后果之间存在一定因果关系的2例被鉴定人年龄均在50岁以下,致伤方式均为高能量损伤,且均伴有合并伤,2例患者均接受了手术治疗。结论应关注50岁以下中青年外伤后椎弓崩裂与外伤之间的伤病关系分析。对于选择手术治疗者,更需分析两者之间的伤病关系。     

利用尸食性蚤蝇推断死亡时间的法医学研究进展

死亡时间的准确推断一直是法医学的难题。昆虫学方法已被认为是死亡时间推断的有效方法。尸食性蝇类发育生物学在死亡时间推断中有着重要地位。蚤蝇体形微小,在相对密闭的空间,可成为尸体上主要的甚至是唯一的昆虫证据。本文从尸食性蚤蝇的作用、种属鉴定以及日龄推断方面,综述了利用尸食性蚤蝇推断死亡时间的法医学研究进展。     

死后眼组织变化与死亡时间推断

眼组织推断死亡时间一直是国内外法医学界的研究热点之一,从肉眼观到镜下观,从细胞水平到分子水平,不断有新的研究成果和报告出现。大量研究资料表明,随着死亡时间的延长,眼角膜、视网膜、玻璃体液及房水等均出现规律性的变化,并与死亡时间高度相关,可用于死亡时间推断。本文对其在法医学领域的研究进展作以综述。     

略论《刑事诉讼法》修改之后鉴定制度的完善——根据司法鉴定的价值和特点进行的分析

我国《刑事诉讼法》修改之后,为促进和保障刑事司法公正,与司法鉴定相关的制度、程序需要进一步完善.应当基于司法鉴定作为证据的基本特点,着眼于保障当事人的权利和规制职权机关的权力,从诉讼程序、证据制度以及管理制度等各个方面,推动我国相关程序、制度的完善.     

Estimating Individual Contributions to Complex DNA SNP Mixtures.,

High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of large panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provides an alternative or complimentary approach to short tandem repeats (STRs) panels for the analysis of complex DNA mixture forensic samples. For STRs, methods to estimate individual contribution concentrations compare capillary electrophoresis peak heights, peak areas, or HTS allele read counts within a mixture. This article introduces three approaches (mean, median, and slope methods) for estimating individual DNA contributions to forensic mixtures for HTS/massively parallel sequencing (MPS) SNP panels. For SNPs, the major:minor allele ratios or counts, unique to each contributor, were compared to estimate contributor proportion within the mixture using the mean, median, and slope intercept for these alleles. The estimates for these three methods were typically within 5% of planned experimental contributions for defined mixtures.     

The Monitoring Capacity of Civil Society Networks: A Social Network Analysis in the Case of Gender Equality Policy

The role of civil society organizations (CSOs) as a watchdog in the implementation process is widely acknowledged. However, little is known about what determines their capacity to monitor EU policy implementation and how it differs across member states. This article accounts for social capital as well as human and financial capital to determine the monitoring capacity of CSOs. To capture sources of social capital, a network analysis is applied in a comparative case article on the monitoring networks of national platforms of the European Women’s Lobby across eight EU member states. The analysis reveals that CSOs in western member states are rich in human, financial and social capital, while CSOs in CEE member states compensate for this lack of resources by linking up with the Commission.     

社会保障权责配置：一种规范分析视角

社会保障权责配置有政府与市场和政府间之横纵两个层级。滞后的社会保障法制导致权责横纵配置的失衡-政府与市场之间配置的偏倚,政府之间配置的粗疏,这严重制约该制度功效的彰显。横向配置矫正的关键在于寻求政府责任的确定性与实现方式的多样性之间的平衡,并在发挥政府基础性作用时,倡导个人责任的回归、市场机制的引进及民间力量的渗透。纵向关系的细化要求以宪法层面原则性规定与法律层面具体性条款相结合的方式进一步规范各级政府的事权及其支出责任;从责任分担上做出更具操作性的制度安排,完善政府间社会保障支出责任分担法律机制。     

Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) development under fluoxetine effect using two drug administration models

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, commonly used for the treatment of a variety of psychopathological conditions. As such, fluoxetine may be expected to appear in clinical and forensic cases. Dermestes maculatus De Geer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) has been recognized as a relevant component of the insect fauna associated with decomposing human and animal remains. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of fluoxetine on developing D. maculatus using two‐drug administration models: a non‐living animal model (pork muscle) and a living one (Sus scrofa L. pigs). We assessed the duration of immature stages and total life cycle, as well as morphological parameters (body length, cephalic width, and weight). The effect of fluoxetine was studied at an overdose concentration: In the non‐living animal model the drug was mixed with macerated pork muscle (2000 mg/kg) and in the living animal model, pigs were given the drug orally (833 mg/kg). A control was used for each model. Daily observations were performed from the beginning to the end of the experiments. GC‐MS was used for drug detection and quantification. There were no statistically significant differences in the duration of immature stages, life cycle, larval mortality, morphological parameters, or sex ratio, between treatment and control, regardless of the drug administration model. Given that fluoxetine had no detectable effect on the development of D. maculatus, detection of this drug in forensic situations would not compromise the accuracy of PMI estimations.     

血色原微量分光法血痕确证试验

目的探讨血色原微量分光法作为血痕确证试验的可行性。方法用离心分离的检材浸洗液代替检材,与改良高山试剂进行血色原反应,用微量分光光度计测定吸收光谱,判断检材是否含血。在优化参数的基础上,用倍比稀释的粗制人血红蛋白测定方法的灵敏度,用常见疑似血液/血斑,以及不同保存时间、不同基质的血斑测定方法的特异性和检材适应能力。结果用血色原微量分光法,仅血液(斑)具有415nm、525nm和555nm三个吸收峰组成的特异光谱,与常见疑似血液/斑没有交叉。反应2min,上样2.5μL,稀释1000倍的人血可稳定获得三峰光谱。通过延长浸洗时间、设置基质对照,10年陈旧血纱、有色布上的血斑等均可有效确证。三个吸收峰的高度与检液的血含量呈正相关,且525nm和555nm的吸光度变化趋势一致(y=0.523 2x+0.027 4,R2=0.997 1)。结论血色原微量分光法灵敏度高、特异性强,快速简便,可纳入DNA检验流程之中,在实际检案中有较好的应用前景。替代传统结晶法用于教学,更符合当前学生技能和意识的培养要求。