手功能评定标准在法医鉴定中的应用

本文将临床手功能评定标准与现行人体轻、重伤鉴定标准中关于手损伤条款相结合,初步提出了一个客观实际的量化标准,制定出轻、重伤失能使范围,以便评定伤者手损伤的程度。     

从行政征用制度看城市房屋拆迁

城市房屋拆迁是一种对城市房屋所有人的房屋及其国有土地使用权的行政征用行为。借鉴国外的法律制度,我国行政征用制度应以列举或排除的方法,对公共利益作出科学的界定,实行公共利益原则与合理补偿原则有机结合;通过司法介入估价,实行政府回避制度,由司法机关直接受理拆迁人与被拆迁人之间的房屋拆迁财产纠纷,使我国行政征用制度更加完善。     

液相色谱-三重四级杆/线性离子阱串联质谱法测定血液中1-(4-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪

目的建立血液中1-(4-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪的液相色谱-三重四级杆/线性离子阱串联质谱(LC-QTrap-MS/MS)的快速检测方法。方法血液经乙腈沉淀蛋白后,振荡、离心、经微孔滤膜过滤后供仪器分析;选用Phenomenex Kinetx®5.0μm Biphenyl 100Å(100mm×2.1mm)分离,柱温40℃;以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相,流速0.5mL/min,梯度洗脱5.5min;以多反应监测(MRM)-信息依赖性采集(IDA)-增强子离子扫描(EPI)-谱库检索的模式进行分析,外标-标准曲线法进行定量分析。结果血液中1-(4-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪的浓度在2~200ng/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数达到0.9984,回收率在87%以上,日内精密度在5%以下,日间精密度在10%以下,方法的检出限是0.8ng/mL,定量限是2ng/mL。结论该方法采用LC-QTrap-MS/MS和MRM-IDA-EPI模式,既保持与MRM相同的定量灵敏度,也能提供更为丰富的二级质谱碎片,使定性结果更加准确。方法简单快捷,专属性好,回收率高,重现性好,能够用于血液中1-(4-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪同时定性和定量分析。     

Determination of Nitrite in Whole Blood by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection and a Case of Nitrite Poisoning

Although nitrite is widely used in meat processing, it is a major toxicity hazard to children and is responsible for the blue‐baby syndrome. A simple and effective method to determine nitrite in whole blood has been devised using ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection. The blood sample was deproteinized by adding acetonitrile and purified with mini‐cartridges to remove hydrophobic compounds, chloride ions, and metal ions. An aliquot of the filtrate was injected onto the ion chromatography. The retention time for nitrite was 13.8 min and the detection limit of nitrite in whole blood was 0.4 μmol/L. The calibration curve was linear (r² = 0.9999) over the concentration working range. The blood nitrite concentration of a victim who attempted suicide by ingesting sodium nitrite powder was determined using the present method. The basal levels for nitrite in human blood was determined with 7.1 ± 0.9 μmol/L (n = 12).     

Determination of Inorganic Ion Profiles of Illicit Drugs by Capillary Electrophoresis

A portable capillary electrophoresis instrument with dual capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C⁴D) was used to determine the inorganic ionic profiles of three pharmaceutical samples and precursors of two illicit drugs (contemporary samples of methylone and para‐methoxymethamphetamine). The LODs ranged from 0.10 μmol/L to 1.25 μmol/L for the 10 selected cations, and from 0.13 μmol/L to 1.03 μmol/L for the eight selected anions. All separations were performed in less than 6 min with migration times and peak area RSD values ranging from 2 to 7%. The results demonstrate the potential of the analysis of inorganic ionic species to aid in the identification and/or differentiation of unknown tablets, and real samples found in illicit drug manufacture scenarios. From the resulting ionic fingerprint, the unknown tablets and samples can be further classified.     

《劳动能力鉴定》标准与GEPI对手功能评定的比较

本文对我国《劳动能力鉴定职工工伤与职业病致残等级》(GB/T16180-2014)与美国医学会制定的《永久性残损评定指南》(第6版)在手功能评定方面的规定进行比较研究。从解剖结构缺损功能缺失、运动功能丧失、感觉功能丧失和综合评定等方面分析两者的异同,并评析手功能评定的理论和方法。     

东海大陆架划界争端国际法依据辨证

由于对东海大陆架丰富油气资源的乐观估计,①以及对国际公约关于大陆架划界适用上的不同主张,中日两国在东海大陆架划界上存在着分歧。日本所主张的“中间线”划分方法不构成划界的国际法规范,不具备约束力;中国所主张的“自然延伸”原则,不仅是《联合国海洋法公约》明文规定的最基本的客观标准,也是国际司法实践确立的基本规则。冲绳海槽地形、地质、地貌特征,构成了中日东海大陆架的“自然分界线”。     

Determining the Method Threshold of Identification via Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry of Weathered Gasoline Extracted from Burnt Nylon Carpet,

The Organization of Scientific Area Committees defines threshold of identification as the minimum concentration of ignitable liquid identifiable from gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometry data using accepted pattern identification criteria. We propose a method for determining this threshold for gasoline based on base peak to qualifier ratios of six compounds. The ion ratios were established for each compound in the neat gasoline. These ratios were then compared to those obtained for gasoline and 98% weathered gasoline both spiked onto burnt nylon carpet at 20 ppt down 0.50 ppt, and recovered from the carpet using headspace extraction (ASTM 1412). Identification was confirmed if the compounds’ ion ratios fell within ±25% of that in the neat sample. We found that ion ratios for all samples were acceptable for six compounds at 1.60 and 0.80 ppt for extracted neat and extracted 98% weathered gasoline, respectively, illustrating potential for incorporating into Quality Assurance Programs.     

Sex Determination from Hand Dimensions of North and South Indians

Abstract:  When dismembered human remains are encountered, the decedent's sex may not be obvious. For these scenarios, techniques for sex determination may play a vital part of the medicolegal investigation. Five hundred hands (230 males, 270 females) from North and South Indian region were studied to investigate sexual dimorphism in hand dimensions (hand length, hand breadth, and palm length). The hand index (hand breadth/hand length × 100) and the palm index (hand breadth/palm length × 100) were derived. The hand dimensions show a higher accuracy in sex determination when compared to indices. Of all hand dimensions, hand breadth has the highest accuracy of sex determination in the study group. The sex differences were found to be statistically significant only for the hand index on the left side. The morphometric parameters of the hand show considerable sexual dimorphism in the Indian population while the hand and palm index remain poor sex indicators. The study thus has medicolegal implications when a dismembered hand is brought for examination.