Zero-tolerance schooling: education policy,crime, and democracy in post-Soviet Georgia

This paper explores the consequences of the massive investment in criminal justice in Georgia following the Rose Revolution of 2003. We argue that this resulted in “governing through crime” – the outflow of criminal justice practices and logics into other unrelated policy spheres. We demonstrate this by looking at responses to the issue of safety in schools. We show that up to 2007, despite a moral panic surrounding school violence, policy-makers were able to resist knee-jerk punitive reactions in favor of evidence-based, preventive approaches in the relatively transparent atmosphere of Mikheil Saakashvili's first term. By 2008, however, schools increasingly began to become the objects of central government intervention and education policy became harsher and more punitive. In 2010, Police Academy-trained School Resource Officers were introduced into all schools throughout Georgia, with troubling consequences for both teachers and students. The paper shows that this move was primarily the result of the more interventionist, executive-driven, and opaque policy-making process in Saakashvili's second term, which left unchallenged the circulation of personnel, expertise, and policy from the hypertrophied criminal justice institutions into the education sphere.     

西部民族地区中观经济信息化间接绩效测评

当今时代,信息技术、信息资源在经济社会各个领域的高度渗透性,使得信息化成为推进经济社会快速发展的核心动力。信息化绩效的测评理应科学、完整地反映信息化在经济社会的宏观、中观、微观不同层次以及各层次中的直接、间接功能发挥的状况,做到宏观、中观、微观绩效评估,直接、间接绩效评估的有机结合。在此,我们着重就我国西部民族地区中观经济信息化间接绩效水平进行测评与比较研究。     

Methods, Theories and Evidence: A Reply to Arzheimer

Kai Arzheimer's careful and thorough comment upon my earlier BJPIR article raises a number of important issues. While engaging in a thorough critique of the original article's methods, he also points to the (perhaps) inherent problems any quantitative approach may encounter in this area. The consequences of this are that if we wish to assess whether there are social determinants to participation, quantitative methods are limited. In the light of this, after addressing some mis-characterisations in his comment, this reply seeks to provide qualitative evidence that there may well be a link between welfare state institutions and outputs and participation.     

英国法中司法认定作为证据的可采性分析-兼与美国证据法作比较

司法认定所依据的事实在随后发生的诉讼中有时会成为案件的争点问题，而将司法认定作为证据来证明争议的事实是否具有可采性是一个复杂的问题：要对这一问题作出规定，不仅需要考虑不同类型诉讼的审判方式、证明标准，还要考虑公正、程序滥用等公共政策。英国普通法实践最先通过Hollington案在这一问题上表明了立场，然而随着质疑的产生以及英国法对公正性日益重视，法律改革委员会和刑事法律修订委员会渐渐抛弃了普通法所确立的Hollington规则，对包括先前定罪在内的司法认定作为证明其所依据的事实之证据是否可采作出了具体细致的规定。在同为英美法系的美国，因普通法实践及政策考量等方面的差异，在这一问题上，《美国联邦证据规则》的规定与英国证据法有所不同。     

The Judge Ses No Facts：on the Facts,Evidence, and Fact Identification under the Principle of Evidentiary Adjudication

Evidentiary adjudication is one of the important signs of progress of litigation and judicial civilization. There are three key concepts under the principles of evidentiary adjudication: facts, evidence and fact identification. They form a kind of logic relationship among proposition, the argument and conclusion. As a logical starting point of judicial proof, the case facts have legal determinacy which is different from the facts in philosophical sense, and also different from the fact that as a foundation for the judicial judgment. As the basis of the facts, the evidence emphasizes more the relevance and legitimacy in form. As a logical end point of judicial proof, fact identification is a rational, rigorous proof, but the case facts happened in the past, the fact-finder can only see the evidence, and can only use the evidence to find the facts, which determines the uncertainty of fact identification.     

知识产权损害赔偿中证明妨碍规则的成本收益分析

《商标法》和《专利解释二》规定的证明妨碍规则的构成要件和法律效果模糊不清且没有统一。通过成本收益分析可知，要求权利人尽力举证或初步举证，应解释为是为了判断侵权人掌握的证据是否对证明待证事实具有不可替代性。参考或根据权利人的主张和提供的证据判定赔偿数额，应解释为推定权利人主张的证据内容成立，同时结合权利人提供的其他证据，确定赔偿数额。与《民诉解释》第112条保持一致，可以获得最优的解释结果。     

4种溶液对陈旧斑迹胶体金试剂条ABO检测结果比较

目的比较4种不同溶液用于陈旧斑迹ABO胶体金试剂条分型检验的结果。方法采集已知血型的静脉血127份,唾液73份制备斑迹,放置1~2年;分别用去离子水、PBS、PBS(含2%吐温20)、PBS(含2%吐温20、1%吐温80)4种溶液浸泡,再用ABO胶体金试剂条检测其血型,观察结果的清晰度及准确度。结果用不同溶液浸泡后进行ABO分型检测结果中,去离子水和PBS溶液分型检测线不清晰,难以判型;含吐温的PBS溶液分型检测线比较清晰,所测样本结果均准确,其中同时含吐温20和吐温80的溶液结果更佳。结论根据本文结果,在陈旧斑迹的ABO血型检验中可选择使用含有吐温的PBS溶液作为斑迹浸泡溶液。     

法医学鉴定实践中的伦理考量

法医学鉴定的对象是人及与人相关材料,因此在法医学检案实践中需要考虑伦理问题。基于法医学鉴定中的公平正义、尊重、真相告知三大基本原则,进一步衍生出法医学检案实践活动的具体伦理要求,即法医学鉴定的称职性、对鉴定涉及案件及其当事人伦理考虑、如何处理案件检材。然而当前法医学鉴定却存在部分法医鉴定人不称职、重技术轻程序、鉴定机构选择出现争议、利益输送与利益冲突等问题。笔者针对以上问题提出相应对策,并重点讨论三大矛盾,保证法医学鉴定称职性。     

从"自由裁量"到"理性裁量"--论证据判断的理性化保证

裁判者在判断诉讼证据价值上的自由裁量权一直是客观存在的。在自由心证制度下,证据判断上的自由裁量权得以正当化。但自由裁量并非任意裁量,而是由一系列制度制约和保障的合理裁量。我国也应当吸收相关经验建立证据裁量理性化的制度保障体系,使法官在证据评判中的“自由裁量”转变为“理性裁量”。     

我国行政程序立法几个热点问题聚焦--从足协打"假"事件引申开来

足协打"假"风波涉及我国行政程序立法中有关行政认知,自由心证和比例原则等几个敏感问题.其内容深刻涉猎证据法,程序法的热点理论.本文在评判国内立法和行政司法实践的基础上,广泛借鉴国内外有关理论、立法与实践,探讨和设计出我国的相关制度,以为鉴.