法律与民族性格——一种法律研究范式的梳理与反思

从近代以来,从民族性格出发考察、解析某个民族法律的独特性或不同民族法律的差异性,构成了许多学者自觉或不自觉遵循的一种法律研究范式。进入20世纪以后,比较法学者、法律史学者、民族性格研究者纷纷应用这一范式解释各个国家法律思维、制度、行为模式等方面的差异性。虽然民族性格范式有其独特的解释力,但亦有其明显的局限性。     

环境法学研究范式变革的基础与导向

环境法学研究范式的确立对环境法学理论体系的建构、指导环境问题的解决有重要的意义.当下"主客一体"的革命性范式,彰显了相关论者范式建构的自觉,并推动了环境法理论的多元化发展.但是,这种范式由于一定程度上忽视"人"的价值序位而遭遇同样的困境,以理论建构为重心同样忽视了对应对环境问题实践的有用性的追求.环境法学研究范式变革应以"以人为本"、协调发展为指导,在一定限度内完成向"实践导向"的转变.重建现代环境法学方法论应该从主体要求、价值观要求、技术要求及规范要求四个维度展开,社会工程哲学基础上的创新恰恰涵盖了这四个方面的规定性.因此我们的任务就是如何将社会工程的系统论哲学恰当地应用于环境法学研究范式的变革中.     

我国国际私法立法范式研究

我国国际私法的萌芽可以追溯至西周时期，其后经历了一个从分散立法到单行法典立法的过程。中华人民共和国成立后，国际私法的体系逐步建立，但是其仍然不能够适应我国改革开放的需要。在立法范式上，我国应当制定国际私法法典，完善区际冲突法规定，并且在价值取向上兼顾国际社会本位的理念。     

Crises and Paradigm Shift

Crises can force leaders and technocrats together, highlight failures and, more rarely, precipitate changes in ideological worldview and the prevailing consensus. In 2007–8, the worst financial and economic crises since the Great Depression of 1929 caused a paradigm shift in financial and regulatory ideology. G20 leaders and central bankers reasserted collective power and authority over financial markets and global banks to an extent and in a manner not seen since the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971. The retreat of state authority reversed direction. The spell of the ‘mystical Anglo‐Saxon model of liberalisation and deregulation’ was broken. In 2014 the paradigm shift is still underway and still under attack by recalcitrant bank CEOs and their lobbyists, but the shift may be durable—signalling a major change in international regulation of the world's largest financial markets and firms.     

African Customary Law and Common Law in South Africa: Reconciling Contending Legal Systems

ABSTRACT

The multicultural fabric of contemporary South African society is the result of the interaction between various and differing historical narratives, each with their own knowledge system, which led to the emergence of legal pluralism. The common law and African customary law are the major legal systems. A historical- political construction of the common law indicates that it has been influenced by the dominant political power. From an historical perspective, the contraction and expansion of the common law is due to its continuous deconstruction, whereby new knowledge is introduced into the existing system. Section 173 of the Constitution of 1996 provides that the judiciary is now responsible for developing the common law. However, under the new constitutional dispensation, the reconstruction of African customary law that is now on an equal footing with the common law indicates that it is being remodelled to fit the mould of Western legal values. In order to achieve jurisprudential parity between the two systems, the humanistic values of ubuntu should be adopted to infuse African equity into the common law. The realisation of this objective is possible if an interpretative paradigm is recognised as a means of ameliorating the legalistic consequences of the prevalent positivist paradigm. Within an African Renaissance model, adherence to an interpretative paradigm would advance restorative justice, and curriculum transformation along with research and development that resonate African/South African values. This would instil new vigour into the law and the Constitution that is seemingly becoming stulted due to its adherence to Western values.     

生态法治元论

迈向生态文明不仅是政策的主观选择,更是社会发展的客观必然。人与生境的现实紧张表现为错综复杂的社会关系,在空间性、时间性、主体间性、行为间性四个维度呈现出相互交织的矛盾样态。调整复杂的矛盾关系、建设生态文明,要求法治的因应变迁。生态法治相较于人本法治的质性迈进突出反映在作为法治基本范式的"权利"在内涵方面的拓展和外延方面的丰富。生态法治因之呈现出统筹性、前瞻性与科学性三个典型特性。在规约建构方面,生态法治要求完备性立法和多层次建制。在运行实施中,必须强力施治,反哺法律权威;创新机制,诱致自我实施,并通过伦理文化的辅助导正行为。     

网络化治理研究述评——基于CSSCI(2001-2020)期刊数据的计量分析

本文运用文献计量与内容分析相结合的方法,对2001-2020年间网络化治理研究领域的CSSCI期刊文献进行综合阐释,呈现了网络化治理研究的演进特征、核心议题与发展趋势.据此可将网络化治理研究分为理论编译引介期(2001-2008)与运用稳步拓展期(2009-2020),相应的核心议题主要聚焦于理论发展脉络和领域范围拓展...     

Nobody Knows Best: Alternative Perspectives on Forest Management and Governance in Southeast Asia

In this paper we propose a framework for understanding how dominant perspectives, or worldviews, influence the crafting of institutions, and how these, in turn, constrain the functions and goals of knowledge systems. Alternative perspectives carry their own set of assumptions and beliefs about who should be making the rules, where the best knowledge lies to guide decisions, and about where more knowledge is needed. Initially, four contrasting perspectives are elaborated: state-, market-, greens-, and locals-know-best. We illustrate the framework by exploring the recent history of forest governance in Southeast Asia, finding several examples of battles of perspectives leading to a new dominant perspective. In each case the dominant perspective itself, old or new, is shown to be defective in some critical way and was, or should be, replaced. The problem is that each of the perspectives considers the world as knowable, manageable, and relatively constant, or at most changing only slowly. Ecological and socio-political crises, however, are recurrent. Management plans and regulations or policies that aim to establish the land-use allocation, the best crop, the best forest management system or the best price or system of incentives, are doomed to failure. If uncertainties are accepted as fundamental, solutions as temporary, and scientific knowledge as useful but limited, then Nobody Knows Best is a modest, but effective heuristic for forest governance.     

Les groupes d'intérêt économiques face à un changement de paradigme: le cas de l'énergie nucléaire en Allemagne

Cet article s'interroge sur les conséquences de la décision allemande de 1998, qui prévoit l'arrêt de la production d'énergie nucléaire, sur les relations entre les groupes d'intérêt économiques et les acteurs gouvernementaux. L'hypothèse est que ce changement de paradigme énergétique entraîne un changement des relations entre ces acteurs. A partir de l'étude des cadres cognitifs et des stratégies des acteurs, l'article étudie les différentes phases de transformation de la politique énergétique allemande. Si les changements graduels des années 1980 et 1990 ont mené à des adaptations à la marge, la décision de 1998, entraînant la mise à l'écart des groupes d'intérêt économiques, contraint ces derniers à élaborer de nouvelles stratégies: ils cherchent à compenser leur perte d'influence au niveau national par de nouvelles collaborations à l'échelle européenne et au niveau international. Ces stratégies restent néanmoins influencées par les structures nationales.     

社区治安群论

社区治安群理论是以社会治安综合治理方针为指导的一种新的社区治安治理理论范式和认知框架,具有自身的概念、范畴,命题、假设,逻辑结构,形成、发展条件,动力机制,运行模式,优化途径,权力与责任体系设置原则以及制度创新体系构建理念和绩效评估方式选择等理论。