Revisiting China’s “peaceful rise”: Implications for India

This article explores the significance and relevance of the concept of China's peaceful rise and its implications for India. Though the concept suddenly lost its usage and was replaced by a more modest term, peaceful development, the basic tenets of the peaceful rise concept hold considerable relevance. Peaceful rise is a concept aimed at managing the consequences of China's rise as a great power. Essentially, while it reiterates China's foreign policy of peace and common development of all, it also indicates a paradigm shift in Chinese foreign policy. Since the essence of peaceful rise is to support a peaceful international order, the concept imparts a peaceful relationship between India and China.     

A survey of research foci and paradigms in media and communication Master's dissertations and doctoral theses in South Africa

This study set out to evaluate the foci and paradigms of research in media and communication at Master's and doctoral levels in South Africa. A sample of 241 dissertations and theses in the communication, journalism and media studies programmes of nine universities, from 2004 to 2013, categorised into historically black, historically white Afrikaans-medium and English-medium, were obtained from the databases of the National Research Foundation and some of the universities. The findings show that the production of PhD theses is far lower than that of Master's dissertations. Qualitative design tended to be the dominant approach adopted, followed by a mixed methods approach, and the quantitative approach. The focus of most of the theses is journalism, followed by general media studies. The findings further show that historically black universities bottom the table in the production of related theses and dissertations, while white English-speaking universities top the list. Also, there is evidence of a relationship between the historical origin/language of the universities and the research designs adopted, as well as the research focus of the theses. The article recommends, among others, the need for a clear-cut statement of research methodologies and designs in such theses and dissertations, greater motivation for enrolment in PhD programmes, a strengthening of historically black universities for better performance in postgraduate research, and the incorporation of the experimental method in media research in South Africa.     

规范主义·经验主义·程序主义——西方政治合法性理论的范式演变

西方有关合法性研究的历史源远流长。在从柏拉图、亚里士多德到启蒙思想家一脉的古典政治哲学传统中,正义、善、公共幸福等规范概念居于核心地位,规范主义是当时合法性思想的基本范式。随着19世纪末以后传统规范哲学的衰落,以及现代政治科学的兴起,合法性概念的提出者韦伯所开创的经验主义就成为合法性研究的主流范式。20世纪70、80年代以后,西方先后出现了规范政治哲学和审议民主理论复兴的热潮。这两股浪潮为合法性理论开启了一种新的范式图景——程序主义合法性。程序主义合法性模式的特点是既重视传统政治哲学中的价值规范,同时更注重价值规范形成确立的实践过程——公共审议;其实质是主张经由审慎理性的辩论协商程序以达致一种“辩论的共识”。     

论劳动权利体系及其分析工具--兼论劳动权利的一种新的研究范式

劳动权利是庞杂而多变的社会现象,现行立法与学术对其范围、种类、功能固然有一定的认识方法,但往往是平面化的、窄视野的.本文在对劳动权利的法律依据和社会基础进行分析的基础上,提出并讨论了规范(应然)和事实(实然)两种意义的劳动权利体系.探讨了劳动权利的范围、种类、属性、功能、治道等重要问题,以比较新颖的分类标准为基础,对劳动权利作出了新的分类,并把劳动权利置入这些对应关系结构,讨论了在各种对应关系的分析框架中,对劳动权利新的关注点.这些分类(--对应性关系)在整合以后,可以成为对劳动权利问题的新的研究范式.     

Do Judicial Responses to Restraining Order Requests Discriminate Against Male Victims of Domestic Violence?

Every state in the United States authorizes its courts to issue civil orders of protection for victims of domestic violence. Ideally, restraining orders should be available to all victims. However, consistent with the patriarchal paradigm, research suggests that judicial responses to domestic violence temporary restraining order (TRO) requests may be sex-differentiated. This paper reports on a study that explored equal protection issues in family law by evaluating gender and violence profiles of a random sample of 157 TRO petitions involving intimate partners, dating couples, and married persons in a California district court. The majority of cases involved allegations of low or moderate levels of violence perpetrated by male defendants against female plaintiffs. Although there were no systematic differences in level of violence as a function of plaintiff sex, judges were almost 13 times more likely to grant a TRO requested by a female plaintiff against her male intimate partner, than a TRO requested by a male plaintiff against his female partner. Further analyses revealed that this sex differentiation was limited to cases involving allegations of low-level violence.

冲突法的范式进化论

冲突法迄今为止的发展是由主体性、主体间性和社会性三种范式的进化演变构成的。三种范式的根本区分在于其致思路径的差异。主体性范式立足于冲突主体的身份、法则及其利益来直观和直接地解决法律冲突;主体间性范式发展出“间性”思维以变革主体性范式的“极化”思维,要求从主体间的关系或者主体间的协调立场出发构思法律冲突消解方案;社会性范式以境域化的现象学思潮为背景支撑,构建出社会责任、公益责任和私益责任三位一体的冲突法新使命。社会性范式远非冲突法的终点,它自身再次暴露的范式危机表明冲突法的征程乃是一条永不休止的进化之旅。     

司法刑法学的视域与范式

司法刑法学是一个表征刑法理论体系分化与分工的概念。司法刑法学试图将刑事司法过程纳入刑法学的视域,使刑法思维对经验事实给予应有重视,为此就要将控诉者的刑法学转变为辩护者的刑法学,并使之从寻求科学客观性转向寻求交谈客观性。只有促成这种视域与范式的变化,才有真正的司法刑法学。作为一个例证,对犯罪概念的司法刑法学解读与重述可以显示上述视域与范式转换的意义。     

第四种调解范式:电视与纠纷解决——基于“约请当事人”节目模式的分析与评价

传统上一般将调解分为司法调解、行政调解、人民调解。当今,大众传播作为立法、司法及行政权力外的第四种力量,越来越多的电视媒介以"约请当事人"节目模式介入纠纷解决,形成了新兴的第四种调解范式。这种范式虽然对于社会规范的确认,发泄疏导当事人的心理压力和冲突情绪具有一定的积极意义,但无法逃避源自新闻调解范式内生的负效应而招致的法律和伦理的诘难。     

现代化范式与中国法理学的"理想图景"

将改革开放30年来中国法理学的研究概括为“现代化范式”具有一定的合理性,对现代化范式不能简单地否定,它是中国现代化这一特殊时期的产物,对当代中国法治建设做出了重要贡献。但是30年法理学的发展存在着三对基本矛盾,即政治与学术的矛盾、普适性与本土性的矛盾、研究法律与尊重法律的矛盾。进入21世纪,中国法理学研究应当实现从过去简单地将西方作为中国法制和法治建设的榜样、楷模或标准的思维和研究方法向关注中国问题、用中国的方法来解决问题的研究方式的转变,确立中国法理学研究的中国意识。     

政策科学的演进逻辑与范式变迁

政策科学作为一门应用性跨学科研究的新兴学科,在世界各国和各领域因其能解决社会现实问题而蓬勃发展。随着中国改革开放的不断深入,外部环境复杂多变,政策科学势必面临各种新的挑战。文章以政策科学的发展过程为研究对象,系统梳理国内外文献,归纳总结政策科学发展的三个阶段及其演进逻辑,提炼出政策科学研究范式的转换路径。同时,文章针对现阶段政策科学研究存在的问题——对民主性或科学性的盲目追求,提出今后政策科学应当促进民主与科学的融合以及跨学科研究,紧密结合中国的实际情况,创新政策科学理论与方法,推动中国政策科学的繁荣发展。