巨额财产来源不明罪基本法理问题研究

巨额财产来源不明罪基于犯罪本质论出发 ,是刑法对国家工作人员持有或支出来源不明的巨额财产 ,且不能给予合法说明的否定评价 ,而非有罪推定 ;其行为基于犯罪行为论出发 ,是超常规形态的多样性行为方式 ,而非“持有”或“不作为” ;“不能说明来源为合法”从犯罪构成论出发 ,是犯罪构成符合事由 ,而非程序上举证责任的承担。     

Validation of Real‐time PCR Assays for Bioforensic Detection of Model Plant Pathogens

The U.S. agricultural sector is vulnerable to intentionally introduced microbial threats because of its wide and open distribution and economic importance. To investigate such events, forensically valid assays for plant pathogen detection are needed. In this work, real‐time PCR assays were developed for three model plant pathogens: Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato, Xylella fastidiosa, and Wheat streak mosaic virus. Validation included determination of the linearity and range, limit of detection, sensitivity, specificity, and exclusivity of each assay. Additionally, positive control plasmids, distinguishable from native signature by restriction enzyme digestion, were developed to support forensic application of the assays. Each assay displayed linear amplification of target nucleic acid, detected 100 fg or less of target nucleic acid, and was specific to its target pathogen. Results obtained with these model pathogens provide the framework for development and validation of similar assays for other plant pathogens of high consequence.     

UPOV1991实质性派生品种保护规则及启示

实质性派生品种保护规则是UPOV1991新规定的内容之一,也是UPOV1991应对生物育种技术发展的一项有力措施。通过实质性派生品种保护规则,UPOV1991将品种权保护范围延伸至受保护品种的实质性派生品种,既强化了对原始品种育种者利益的保护,减少了植物育种创新剽窃的发生,也实现了原始品种权人与实质性派生品种权人的利益平衡。研究实质性派生品种保护规则,对于中国决定何时加入UPOV1991,如何在生物育种技术背景下激励育种创新能力的提高,确保中国种业的可持续发展具有十分重要的现实意义。     

植物新品种权法律保护：比较与启示

品种权是一种新型的知识产权,需要通过完备的法律予以保护。通过比较TRIPs协定、UPOV条约、欧美、日本等法律,结合实践需要,提出了修订我国《植物新品种保护条例》的思路,为实践中解决品种权侵权纠纷提供理论依据。     

毒品原植物 罂粟与其近缘物种的形态学差异解析

目的构建能快速准确鉴别毒品原植物罂粟的形态学指标。方法本研究收集考察了不同来源的毒品原植物罂粟与其近缘物种,并进行同园栽培实验,通过对毒品原植物罂粟及其近缘物种形态特征的观察与测量,分析可以用于精准、快速鉴别毒品原植物罂粟与其近缘物种的稳定形态特征。结果筛选出叶形态作为鉴别幼苗期毒品原植物罂粟的形态特征;株高、毛被、叶形态和蒴果形态作为鉴别花果期毒品原植物罂粟的形态特征。结论形态学是植物分类鉴定的重要依据,该套形态学指标将有力推动毒品原植物罂粟的快速鉴别,有效提升毒品原植物罂粟种植案件的侦破能力。     

Credible Empowerment and Deliberative Participation: A Comparative Study of Two Nuclear Energy Policy Deliberation Cases in Korea

What factors make deliberative participation of public policy effective? Why, in some cases, are participants in deliberation more motivated than others, and reach their final judgment in a timely manner, based on systematic processes of opinion gathering and consensus building? By comparing and investigating two recent cases of public participation in energy policy deliberation in Korea, we argue that deliberative participation is more effective when the prospect that the outcome of their activities might be accepted by decision makers is high. The two cases, the public deliberation committee (PDC) on the nuclear waste issue which operated from 2013 to 2015, and the PDC on the nuclear power plant construction issue which operated in 2017, show that they went through similar courses of action, and used similar methods for deliberation. However, while the 2017 PDC has produced clear‐cut policy recommendations, and the government have accepted these, the 2013 PDC failed to reach conclusions on the given critical issues. We argue that the difference in the results is caused by credible empowerment along with two other factors––the sensitivity of issues and the learning effect. Participants of deliberation tend to judge the possibility of the government’s acceptance of their opinions based on either the government’s direct announcement or its inclusiveness in the past policy history. If governments are willing to consult the public to increase legitimacy and transparency, they should send explicit signals to the public on its inclusiveness in the short term, and also should increase credibility in the long term.     

马克思法律思想中的现代性逻辑——基于现代性理论及后现代变体的考察

马克思法律思想中的现代性逻辑是在"现实—人—自由"的关系性概念中检视其法律与社会理论的各种"建构性"预设的可能性。就其本质而言,马克思法律思想中的现代性逻辑是联结西方现代性问题与后现代思潮的一个至关重要的"中介",它为理解马克思法律与社会思想的论述提供了整体性的历史与逻辑相统一视野,为修补马克思自身的"断裂"提供了可以理解的路径。     

品种范畴下农业遗传资源法律保护分析

生物资源在不同的生态系统和不同的范畴下有不同的理解。通过明晰农业遗传资源与生物资源的关系,在品种范畴下和制度层面对农业遗传资源与品种相关概念之间的关系进行梳理,以探寻品种权和专利权权利系统对品种保护的作用机制,并进而探讨农业遗传资源权的介入过程和方式。     

Evaluation of Two New Methods for DNA Extraction of “Legal High” Plant Species

A quick, simple, and high-yield nucleic acid isolation process is crucial for high-quality DNA analysis. The ability of the MicroGEM PDQeX phytoGEM system and Omega Bio-tek E.Z.N.A.® Plant DS Mini kit to extract PCR-ready DNA was evaluated by extracting the forensically relevant “legal high” plant species: Ipomoea purpurea, Artemisia absinthium, Mitragyna speciosa, Datura stramonium, and Papaver somniferum. The plant material was pulverized, processed using the manufacturer’s plant protocol for the PDQeX Nucleic Acid Extraction or the manufacturer’s protocol for the Omega extraction, quantified using the Invitrogen Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer, and analyzed for amplifiability by PCR using a Qiagen Rotor-Gene Q instrument and published assays. The DNA amplicons for the legal high species produced high-resolution melt curves concordant with the melts observed when DNA was isolated using the Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit in previous studies.     

论动植物检疫失职罪

通过对动植物检疫失职罪的概念和构成要件特征进行分析,结合司法实践阐述了本罪认定应注意的若干问题,并详尽论述了本罪成罪标准及与相关罪的区别和联系.