DNA分析技术检验罂粟种子1例

罂粟是提取毒品鸦片、海洛因的毒品原植物,在我国除药用科研外,一律禁止种植。由于罂粟与其近缘种如虞美人、鬼罂粟等观赏花卉和药用植物具有很高的形态相似性,给公安机关缉毒取证造成很大的困难。     

罂粟分子遗传标记研究现状及开发前景

罂粟作为鸦片及海洛因的毒品原植物,在非法种植与运输案件物证检测中,其物种鉴定一直是案件侦破和定性的关键。本文综合分析了国内外有关罂粟遗传分子标记研究的现状,针对鸦片罂粟SSR及SNP标记缺乏这一难题,阐述了简化基因组测序技术应用于罂粟标记开发的可能和前景。     

植物物证的DNA条形码鉴定分析

<正>在犯罪现场发现的或与受害者和嫌疑人相关联的植物物证,可为案件侦破提供有价值的证据。针对植物物证(叶片、种子等),通常使用形态学方法来鉴别物种。由于植物形态在种内种间变异的多样性和复杂性,同时在案件现场发现的植物样本通常缺乏分类学特征、或者已经破碎、发霉、腐败等,故而应用传统的形态学方法进行物种鉴定非常困难。目前,随着分子生物学的快速发展,DNA条形码进行植物物种的鉴别,这一难题可得到一定的解决。本文笔者对一     

破解非法种植毒品原植物犯罪惩治难题

正近年来,随着对毒品犯罪打击力度的加大,非法种植毒品原植物犯罪逐渐减少。但是,随着黑市罂粟壳价格的上涨,非法种植毒品原植物犯罪开始抬头,尤其在偏远山区、交通不发达地区,农民大面积种植罂粟的案件时有发生。非法种植毒品原植物不仅影响农村经济社会发展,而且给人民群众身体健康带来严重的危害,必须标本兼治,彻底根除。对种植毒品原植物     

GC/MS法检验罂粟壳

罂粟是提取毒品鸦片、海洛因的毒品原植物,在我国除药用科研外,一律禁止种植[1]。罂粟壳是毒品罂粟的果壳,含30多种生物碱,是国家管制的麻醉药品。若在火锅汤料中加入罂粟壳,或将罂粟壳磨成粉     

论非法种植毒品原植物罪

毒品原植物,是指罂粟、大麻、古柯等可用于提炼、加工成鸦片、吗啡、海洛因、可卡因等毒品的植物。非法种植毒品原植物是一种多发性的毒品犯罪。国际公约将这种行为规定为犯罪行为,但是,由于受各国自然条件及历史传统、习俗等因素的影响,各国对非法种植毒品原植物的处罚很不相同,有些国家并未将种植毒品原植物的行为规定为犯罪,而一些非法种植毒品的原植物情况严重的国家,用较重的刑罚惩治这类犯罪。     

利用DNAITS2条形码序列鉴定植物大麻和罂粟

目的分析毒品原植物大麻、罂粟及其混伪品植物r DNA的ITS2序列信息,探索鉴定大麻、罂粟及其混伪品的新方法。方法采用PCR法扩增ITS2序列,双向测序后运用Codon Code Aligner、MEGA5.1软件进行数据处理,计算种内种间K2P距离,构建系统聚类树(NJ树)。结果大麻、罂粟的种内K2P遗传距离为0,大麻、罂粟及其混伪品之间的最小K2P距离为0.187。NJ树表现出明显的单系性。结论利用DNA ITS2条形码序列有可能鉴定出毒品原植物大麻、罂粟。     

基于psbA-trnH条形码的毒品原植物大麻及其混伪品的鉴别

目的 利用叶绿体上的间隔区psbA-trnH条形码序列鉴别毒品原植物大麻及其混伪品,为毒品原植物大麻的鉴定提供新方法.方法 采用PCR法扩增psbA-trnH间隔序列,双向测序后运用CodonCode Aligner、MEGA5.1软件进行数据处理,构建系统聚类树(NJ树).结果 psbA-trnH条形码序列分析表明大麻种内与种间遗传距离具有较大差异,基于psbA-trnH条形码构建的NJ树可鉴别大麻及其混伪品.结论 psbA-trnH 序列可以作为鉴定毒品原植物大麻及其混伪品的候选条形码序列,为毒品原植物大麻的快速、准确鉴定提供了新方法;DNA条形码技术在犯罪案件中涉及的植物鉴定中具有极大的应用前景.     

试论非法种植毒品原植物罪

为了有效地惩治日益严重的毒品犯罪,1990年12月28日由第7届全国人代会第17次会议通过颁布的《全国人大常委会关于禁毒决定》(下称决定)对毒品犯罪行为增加了“非法种植毒品原植物罪”等几个新的罪名。这是我国为最大限度地抑制预防毒品犯罪的孽生,铲除毒源,协调国际反毒品斗争,在刑事法律中对原毒品犯罪的规定作出新的修改与完善。一、非法种植毒品原植物行为独立成罪的意义。《决定》第6条规定的非法种植毒品原植物罪,是指违反国家有关规定,非法种植毒品原植物数量较大或情节严重的行为,按当今国际惯例主要是指非法种植罂粟、古柯、大麻等植物。(一)新增加该罪名,是对刑法关于毒品犯罪规定的进一步健全与完善。如众所知,     

毒品犯罪的犯罪学定性

从犯罪学的角度，根据毒品犯罪的特征，可以将毒品犯罪区分为五种，即：作为社会政治经济问题的毒品原植物大规模种植行为；作为有组织犯罪的毒品生产、制造和销售行为；作为街头犯罪的毒品零售行为和毒品原植物零星种植行为；作为白领犯罪的洗（毒）钱行为；作为无被害人犯罪的滥用毒品行为。基于犯罪性质的不同，应采取不同的对策。     

AFLP技术鉴别罂粟、虞美人和大麻种属差异的初步研究

目的探讨采用AFLP技术检测植物DNA,鉴别罂粟、虞美人和大麻植物种属间差异的方法。方法收集罂粟根、茎、叶、花、果以及虞美人和大麻叶检材,用AxyPrep DNA试剂盒提DNA,经EcoRI/MseI酶切,人工接头及PCR预扩增,用E-ACA/M-CAG、E-ACT/M-CTC、E-ACC/M-CTA、E-ACC/M-CTG、E-AGC/M-CTT、E-AGG/M-CTA6对标记了荧光的选择性引物进行PCR扩增,其产物在的CEQ8000遗传分析仪上检测。结果6对引物分别在罂粟、大麻和虞美人样本中检出27~46、5~20、4~31条扩增片段,种属间存在明显差异;同一罂粟根、茎、叶、花和果的DNA检测结果相同。结论罂粟、虞美人和大麻3种植物的AFLP分析结果显示出的差异性,同一植株不同部位DNA AFLP结果的同一性,有可能用于检测未知植物检材的种属来源。     

TD-RAPD技术用于罂粟品种鉴定初探

目的探索TD-RAPD技术用于罂粟品种鉴定的可行性。方法采用改良CTAB法从罂粟叶片中提取DNA;TD-RAPD技术对种植于云南西双版纳地区的1个罂粟样品进行扩增分析。结果建立了罂粟DNA提取方法,从10个随机引物中筛选出6个引物用于罂粟TD-RAPD分析。结论TD-RAPD技术可用于罂粟DNA的分子标记,为罂粟DNA数据库建立提供技术方法,最终从DNA分子水平上追溯罂粟植物毒源。     

Genetic and chemical components analysis of Papaver setigerum naturalized in Korea

Of the 110 species of genus Papaver, only Papaver somniferum and P. setigerum are controlled poppies in Korea. All poppy samples share similar morphology therefore it is important to check if they contain controlled substances such as morphine and codeine for forensic purpose. Since the alkaloid content of Papaver plants varies according to their growing stage, chemical components analysis alone is not enough to identify exact species. In 2010, hundreds of poppy plants suspected to be P. somniferum were found in Jeju Island, South Korea. They had a slightly different but overall similar appearance to P. somniferum. Using GC-MS analysis, codeine, rhoeadine, papaverine, protopine, noscapine, setigeridine and trace amounts of morphine were detected in these samples. Although their chemical components were different from what has been described in literatures for P. setigerum, they could be assumed to be P. setigerum based on their morphological features and GC-MS results. Also, chromosome numbers using their seeds showed 2n=44 and the numbers were in accordance with those of P. setigerum. Nucleotide substitution or insertion/deletion of ITS (internal transcribed spacer), 18S rRNA (ribosomal RNA), rbcL (large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase), trnL-trnF IGS (intergenic spacer), trnL intron and psbA-trnH were assessed as universal genetic markers for P. setigerum. Also, genetic analysis using six target genes involved in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, including TYDC (tyrosine/dopa decarboxylase), SAT (salutaridinol-7-O-acetyltransferase), BBE (berberine bridge enzyme), COR (codeinone reductase), CYP80B1 ((S)-N-methylcoclaurine 3'-hydroxylase) and NCS (norcoclaurine synthase) were tested as Papaver-specific genetic markers by the existence of their PCR products. From the results, the sequences of the 6 universal genetic markers and 6 Papaver-specific genetic markers for P. setigerum were identified and then Genbank accession numbers of them were registered in NCBI. Also, the trnL intron and psbA-trnH nucleic acid sequences of the 7 Papaver species were identified and registered.     

Discrimination among species of Papaver based on the plastid rpl16 gene and the rpl16-rpl14 spacer sequence

An attempt was made to discriminate among six species of Papaver (P. bracteatum, P. orientale, P. pseudo-orientale, P. rhoeas, P. setigerum and P. somniferum) by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the plastid rpl16 gene and the rpl16-rpl14 spacer region. Comparison of sequences allowed us to distinguish five species, namely P. bracteatum, P. orientale, P. pseudo-orientale, P. rhoeas and P. setigerum plus P. somniferum from one another, but sequences from P. setigerum and P. somniferum were identical. It is difficult to distinguish between P. bracteatum, P. orientale and P. pseudo-orientale at the vegetative stage of growth. However, our method allowed us to distinguish between these three species and the others using nucleotide sequences and should allow identification of P. bracteatum that has been cultivated illegally in the garden in Japan. Furthermore, P. rhoeas was clearly discriminated from P. setigerum and P. somniferum by reference to the sequence of the rpl16 exon using young seedlings.     

DNA polymorphism detection of Papaver somniferum L using fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism

OBJECTIVE: To detect DNA polymorphism of Papaver somniferum L using fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism. METHODS: Genomic DNA was isolated using the AxyPrep DNA Kit, double-digested by two restrictional endonucleases (Eco RI and Mse I) and ligated to oligonucleotide adapters. After Pre-amplification and selective amplification, the DNA fragments were separated by capillary electrophoresis using the CEQ8000 DNA Fragment Analyzer. RESULTS: More than 20 fragments of highly polymorphic products were obtained by 8 pairs of primer from 64 selective amplifying primer pairs. CONCLUSION: The fluorescent AFLP technique can be used to detect the DNA polymorphism of Papaver somniferum.     

利用荧光AFLP技术检测罂粟DNA多态性

目的 利用荧光AFLP检测技术检测罂粟植物DNA多态性。方法 用Axygen公司的AxyPrep DNA试剂盒提取了12株产于缅甸和中国云南省昆明市宜良县罂粟植株的DNA，用Eco RI和Mse I对总DNA进行酶切。连接人工接头，预扩增和选择性扩增，其产物在CEQ8000遗传分析系统上检测。结果 64对选择性扩增引物中8对引物能得到20条以上的扩增片断，具有高度多态性。结论 荧光AFLP技术可用于罂粟DNA多态性的检测。     

Exploiting expressed sequence tag databases for the development and characterization of gene-derived simple sequence repeat markers in the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) for forensic applications

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) were identified from an expressed sequence tag (EST) database comprised of 20,340 sequences. In total, 2780 SSR-containing sequences were identified. The most frequent microsatellite had an AT/TA motif (37%). Twenty-two opium poppy EST-SSR markers were presently developed and polymorphisms of six markers (psom 2, 4, 12, 13, 17, and 22) were utilized in 135 individuals under narcotic control investigation. An average of three alleles per locus (range: 2-5 alleles) with a mean heterozygosity of 0.167 was detected. Six loci identified 29 unique profiles in 135 individuals. The EST-SSR markers exhibited small degrees of genetic differentiation (fixation index = 0.727, p < 0.001). Other variable markers will be needed to facilitate the forensic identification of the opium poppy for future cases. To determine the potential for cross-species amplification, six markers were tested in five Papaver genera species and two Eschscholzia genera. The psom 4 and psom 17 primer pair was transferable. This is the first study to report SSR markers of the opium poppy.     

司法鉴定领域分类和能力范围表述的国内外比较研究

对司法鉴定领域开展科学、有效的分类,进行统一规范的能力范围表述,有助于建立完整的司法鉴定标准化体系,能为司法鉴定机构合理规划组织结构、准确定位发展方向提供指引,也能为司法鉴定行业管理部门的规范化管理提供帮助。对该领域分类和能力表述开展国内外比较分析,是实现上述目标的基础性研究。目前我国在司法鉴定领域的分类方法尚未统一,与国外法庭科学认可分类方法相比,尚有部分项目未纳入分类范围之内;国内能力范围表述在目的、方式、详细程度上与国外相比亦有不同。本文对国内外行业管理组织和国际权威认可机构司法鉴定领域分类及能力范围表述进行了比较分析,研究解析其内容及差异,并提出了制定司法鉴定领域分类国家标准、扩展司法鉴定领域分类内容、适时调整司法鉴定能力范围表述内容等建议。     

人像检验鉴定探讨

当前通过人像检验认定是否为同一人的应用需求日趋增加,但由于人像检验较为复杂、主观性较强、缺少普遍接受的方法等原因,一定程度上影响了人像检验鉴定的开展。为进一步明晰人像检验鉴定相关问题,本文就人像检验鉴定关键问题进行梳理讨论,重点对国内外人像检验标准、人像特征、检验步骤和方法、检验结论等进行探讨,以期为更好地开展此项工作提供参考。     

高铁隧道内气动效应形成损坏痕迹特点分析

动车高速通过隧道时,运行车体推动的空气由于受到隧道壁的约束能形成能量很强的冲击气流,有时会造成一些设备设施损坏、脱落,进而危及高铁行车安全。这类事件发生后,铁路部门往往误以为是人为破坏,并以破坏案件进行上报。本文通过对特定动车行车事故的现场勘验、调查访问,分析了高铁隧道内气动效应对特殊位置设施造成损坏的过程及形成痕迹特点,准确认定了事件性质和事故发生原因,并对气动效应形成损坏痕迹和常见工具形成痕迹的区别进行了探讨。