论违约责任

随着中国市场经济的发展，世界一体化进程的加快，以及中国成功加入世贸组织，合同与各种市场主体乃至寻常百姓的接触越来越频繁，越来越密切。而违约责任约定则是一份合同的核心所在，一份完备的合同离不开具体、有效的违约责任条款。笔者拟从违约责任的要件、责任承担方式、几种违约方式的适用、损失赔偿范围等几个方面封《合同法》中的违约责任追行分析，最后就如何在合同中合法、有效地约定违约责任提出一些建议，以最大限度保护守约方的合法权益。     

政府采购合同的行政法研究

政府采购合同是政府采购活动的重要组成部分，其本质是通过合同实现政府意志和社会公共利益。我国《政府采购法》将政府采购合同定位为民事合同，然而微观分析这一定位，其本质属性明显有别于民事合同，政府采购合同应属行政合同。     

Trade Secrets, Firm-Specific Human Capital, and Optimal Contracting

Trade secrets are innovations jointly produced by firms and employees that are generally not protected by patents. They are commonly protected within the framework of labor contracts, where an obligation of confidentiality is imposed upon the employee. Specifically this obligation applies to the employee even after he has left the employer for a period of time determined in the contract, known as a cooling off period. Often employees are prohibited not only from revealing trade secrets, but also from utilizing their specific human capital developed at the original place of employment in competitor firms during this period. Their specific human capital is in effect inseparable from the trade secret. Failure to protect the trade secret will result in its revelation and its becoming public and hence worthless for the innovator. The inability of an employee to reveal trade secrets and utilize his specific human capital after leaving his place of employment imposes costs and losses upon him. Some form of compensation will be paid for these contingent losses within the employment contract. Employers know that the longer the cooling off period imposed upon employees, the greater employees must be compensated for this in the contract. Longer cooling off periods thus cost the employer more, but also enable him to earn greater rents from the innovation itself. In this paper profit-maximizing periods of trade secret protection are derived, based on these two countervailing factors, and comparative statics exercises are performed. How the selection of profit-maximizing periods of trade secret protection when the incidence of resignation is itself affected by contract parameters and incentives is explored.     

评《合同法》与《联合国货物销售合同公约》合同形式的冲突与协调

本文提出新《合同法》的买卖合同形式规定已经与《联合国货物销售合同公约》（ 以下简称《公约》） 的规定相吻合,因而,应撤销基于旧合同而对《联合国货物销售合同公约》声明保留的内容。此外,文章还对国内法与国际条约的四种关系模式及我国立法的取向进行了论述。     

经济发达地区的出租屋管理模式及法律问题思考

在经济发达地区，外来人口已经分化成为外来常住人口和外来流动人口。外来常住人口的工作和居所比较固定，相对来说配合管理。而外来流动人口则相对流动性较大，工作和居所不固定。除住在宾馆、旅社、招待所外他们一般以城乡结合部的农民或“城中村”的居民住房改造成的出粗屋为居所。在经济发达地区外来流动人口和出租屋事实上已经形成了独立的场所。因此，针对外来流动人口一般以出租屋为落脚点，政府对出租屋的管理应象对娱乐场所管理一样引起重视，要予以单独立法，确认出租屋管理行政合同制，并努力用最先进的现代化管理手段来提高管理效率。     

我国合同法买受人再履行请求权的不足与完善

在瑕疵履行的情形，买受入享有修理或者更换的再履行请求权。再履行请求权是原级履行请求权的延伸和继续，其费用由出卖人承担，地点为标的物的现实所在地，选择权应由出卖人享有，不同方式之间为择一竞合关系，而非选择之债。修理不仅要求除去原本存在的瑕疵，而且也应除去恶化形态的瑕疵以及延伸损害；更换也适用于特定买卖，但在用益补偿问题上应采取目的限缩。在给付不能或者不可以苛求的情形，排除再履行的请求权。如再履行本身有瑕疵，则买受人享有二次的再履行请求权。     

Economic analysis of standard form contracts: the monopoly case

The terms of standard form contracts are rarely known to consumers. Still, it is often argued that few consumers who read and understand the contract can assure that it does not include sub-optimal terms. According to this argument, if the proportion of informed consumers is sufficiently high, they can secure an optimal set of contract terms to the benefit of all other consumers. This paper shows that when suppliers can adjust the content of the form contract, the few reading consumers cannot correct the market failure. In fact, unless all consumers read and understand the form contract, a monopoly is always encouraged to offer sub-optimal terms, i.e., terms that benefit her but at a higher cost to the consumers.      

When Law Stands Still: Land Contracts in English Law and Law's “Abandonment” of Everyday Life

After the 1989 reform on land contracts - the Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989 - a contract for the sale or other disposition of an interest in land could only be made in writing. Behind what appears to be merely a “technical” rule of private law lies, hidden, something that is rather more serious than that - the figure itself of nothing less than the relationship between law and everyday life in Europe's systems of private law. Text and context, alone, are necessary but insufficient analytical steps to uncover such a figure. Instead, it is here suggested, one must rethink the relationship between law and everyday life in terms of “abandonment”.Building on (without necessarily fully endorsing) philosophical insights from Heidegger, Nancy and Agamben, the paper provides a first inroad into one of the most troubling aspects of the modern nation state - law's abandonment of everyday life. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

论合同效力类型体系的重构*--认真对待合同的法律约束力

现有合同效力类型体系不够科学,有必要重构。合同的效力类型应划分为三类五种。合同有效（广义）包括依法成立的合同的有效（狭义）和可撤销合同的有效。合同效力待定实为法律约束力待定。合同无效（广义）包括合同绝对无效（狭义）和相对无效。此“三类五种体系”始终以合同的“法律约束力”为基点,与现有的以“生效”为基点的合同效力类型体系均截然有别。该体系还表明,合同有效乃生效的必要前提。应当承认合同有效乃介于合同成立与合同生效之间的独立的效力层次。     

论工会在矿业集体合同中的定位

矿山工会通过集体讨价还价与企业订立硅康安全方面的行业性专项集体合同，是工会为集团成员提供的非排他性集体物品。不完全性健康安全专项合同的剩余控制权不是处于公共领域，而是由矿方控制，因而保证不完全合同的实施是矿山工会的核心任务。专项集体合同有效履行，能内化矿方应投人工作场所健康安全的成本，以改变矿方与矿工在初次分配中的收入。矿方会竭力阻碍减损其收益的制度变迁，市场失灵时依法组织罢工是订立和履行合同的最后手段。这需要进一步解放思想，完善宪法原则。