公安实战案例教学探索与实践

公安教育训练就其实质而言,侧重于以现场、案例为重点的实践性教学。公安实战案例教学是一个教与学互动的过程,在这一教学活动中,受训民警是教学的"主体",任教者则是教学的"组织者"。公安实战案例教学必须讲究民警的知识与能力的建构与组合,培养民警的科学思维方式和实际解决问题的能力,以便更好地适应公安工作实际。     

公安院校教育改革的几个关键问题

当前,公安院校教育改革迫切需要处理好几个关键问题,这就是公安教育的模式问题、人才培养目标问题以及公安教育的市场化问题。在教育模式上,现阶段的模式应当是兼顾学历教育和职业培训的双轨制,而未来的发展目标则是由公安院校专门负责职业培训的单轨制模式;在人才培养目标上,当前更需要的是专业化人才的培养;在公安教育的市场化问题上,适度的市场化才是符合现代警务实际需要的教育机制。     

The suitability of visual taphonomic methods for digital photographs: An experimental approach with pig carcasses in a tropical climate

In the context of increased scrutiny of the methods in forensic sciences, it is essential to ensure that the approaches used in forensic taphonomy to measure decomposition and estimate the postmortem interval are underpinned by robust evidence-based data. Digital photographs are an important source of documentation in forensic taphonomic investigations but the suitability of the current approaches for photographs, rather than real-time remains, is poorly studied which can undermine accurate forensic conclusions. The present study aimed to investigate the suitability of 2D colour digital photographs for evaluating decomposition of exposed human analogues (Sus scrofa domesticus) in a tropical savanna environment (Hawaii), using two published scoring methods; Megyesi et al., 2005 and Keough et al., 2017. It was found that there were significant differences between the real-time and photograph decomposition scores when the Megyesi et al. method was used. However, the Keough et al. method applied to photographs reflected real-time decomposition more closely and thus appears more suitable to evaluate pig decomposition from 2D photographs. The findings indicate that the type of scoring method used has a significant impact on the ability to accurately evaluate the decomposition of exposed pig carcasses from photographs. It was further identified that photographic taphonomic analysis can reach high inter-observer reproducibility. These novel findings are of significant importance for the forensic sciences as they highlight the potential for high quality photograph coverage to provide useful complementary information for the forensic taphonomic investigation. New recommendations to develop robust transparent approaches adapted to photographs in forensic taphonomy are suggested based on these findings.     

Training of legal professionals in DNA evidence

The South African Criminal Legal System is based on Roman Dutch law. Court proceedings are led by a single presiding officer of the court. Prosecutors and defence advocates present the court with evidence in an adversarial manner. This system has inherent advantages and disadvantages and therefore the training of legal professionals in handling DNA evidence in court is important. The prosecutors resort under the National Prosecuting Authority and the defence advocates act independently or e.g. under the auspices of Legal Aid South Africa.Education curricula of legal professional do not include forensic science evidence. Principles such as evidential value in the forensic context are not addressed. Training of legal professionals with our Essential DNA Evidence™ Course has been a multiplier of forensic science knowledge in the legal profession in South Africa. We present prosecution and defence perspectives in an unbiased manner, compensating for the possible subjective interpretations of evidence that may be presented in court. Forensic evidence is subsequently carefully evaluated prior to being court presentation thus improving court efficiency, and allowing for a more focussed approach to the presentation of evidence. Approaches to the customisation of course content that adds value has been identified via evaluation of training programmes.Experience has shown that legal professionals have the ability to incorporate relatively complex scientific concepts into their legal arguments if provided with the appropriate training opportunity. Appropriate training in DNA evidence has made the court process more effective, both in terms of time and costs, and ultimately serves justice.     

A 1-year time course study of human RNA degradation in body fluids under dry and humid environmental conditions

Blood, saliva and semen are some of the forensically most relevant biological stains found at crime scenes. mRNA profiling is a reliable approach for the identification of the origin of an evidentiary trace. A stable set of markers and the knowledge about the effects of RNA degradation under different environmental conditions is necessary for the determination of an unknown biological stain. The aim of this work was to compare RNA degradation for human blood, semen and saliva at three different concentrations during a 1-year time period and exposed to dry and humid conditions. Also, this study addressed the question whether there are relevant differences in the efficiency of two RNA extraction methods.     

Multiplex high resolution melt (HRM) messenger RNA profiling assays for body fluid identification

Traditional body fluid identification methods use a variety of technologically diverse techniques that do not permit the identification of all body fluids. Definitive identification of the biological material present can be crucial to a fuller understanding of the circumstances pertaining to a crime. Thus definitive molecular based strategies for the conclusive identification of forensically relevant biological fluids need to be developed. Messenger (mRNA) profiling is an example of such a molecular based approach.Current mRNA body fluid identification assays typically involve either capillary electrophoresis (CE) or quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) platforms, each with its own limitations. Both platforms require the use of expensive fluorescently labeled primers or probes. CE-based assays require separate amplification and detection steps thus increasing the time required for analysis. For qRT-PCR assays, only 3 or 4 markers can be included in a single reaction since each requires a different fluorescent dye. To simplify mRNA profiling assays and to reduce the time and cost of analysis, we have developed multiplex high resolution melt (HRM) assays that provide an identification of all forensically relevant biological fluids and tissues.     

基于职业生命周期的驾驶员多维安全教育策略探讨

驾驶作为一种准职业技能,具备生命周期的属性。处于不同职业阶段的驾驶员具备不同的特点,其安全培训教育的需求是不一样的。按照驾龄与驾驶技术的成熟度,驾驶员的生命周期可分为学习期、实习期、熟练期、熟悉期以及衰退期。在这样划分的基础上,我们可以分析出不同阶段的职业特点与安全培训需求,从而设计出基于职业生命周期的驾驶员安全教育培训内容、学习形式与教学方法,以及相应的实施策略。     

试论防暴战术队形模块化训练体系模式

防暴战术队形训练体系模式的构建,应遵循认识规律,借鉴管理学的模块化组织理念,并立足公安实际.可按职能组划分实施分组训练,按作战单元划分实施层级合成训练,按训练体系实施侧重训练.着重从实战出发,突出防暴战术队形“动”“静”相辅,谋求“战训合一”.     

关于公安领导力核心要素提升训练的思考

公安领导力提升应关注其核心要素,主要体现在领导发展力、领导执行力、领导沟通力、领导创新力和领导影响力几个方面。公安领导力核心要素是公安领导力提升训练的着眼点和出发点,也是我们最终评估的监测点。公安领导力核心要素提升训练,要运用自学习、自组织原理,在公安领导干部的培训中引入开放式教学、研究式培训的模式,注重公安领导力核心要素提升的创新思维方法训练,营造实战情景以提升公安领导力训练的实效。     

杀人摘取器官案尸检分析

本案中尸体检验情况及现场物证来源对侦破该案起到至关重要的作用。对于类似本案这样有特殊损伤的尸体,尸体检验的目的不但是寻找死因,还要通过这些特殊的损伤、切口分析出案件性质,作案目的。