最密切联系原则与我国的立法及实践

最密切联系原则是冲突法发展的必然结果 ,是当代冲突法中一种生命力极强、在各国立法及其实践中普遍确立和运用的一种法律适用的重要理论原则。最密切联系原则的实质在于软化连接点 ,增强法律适用的灵活性 ,从而实现法律的根本性价值———公平、正义 ,最大限度地维护当事人的合法权益。我国在立法上确定了这一原则 ,但对这一原则的运用标准不够完善、具体 ,因此导致在我国司法实践中法官摸索办案的客观现实。最密切联系原则在我国应成为法律适用的基本原则 ,在司法实践的运用中应体现法的公平正义价值     

Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search

Eight years after the Lawrence Inquiry, the question of police powers to stop and search people in public places remains at the forefront of debate about police community relations. Police are empowered to stop and search citizens under a wide range of legislative acts and the power is employed daily across Britain. Far from laying the debate to rest, the Lawrence Inquiry prompted new research studies and fresh theories to explain the official statistics. We argue that the statistics show that the use of the powers against black people is disproportionate and that this is an indication of unlawful racial discrimination. If stop and search powers cannot be effectively regulated – and it seems that they cannot – then their continued use is unjustified and should be curtailed.     

Are “We” More Punitive than “Me”? Self-Construal Styles,Justice-Related Attitudes,and Punitive Judgments

Cross-cultural as well as procedural justice research suggests that an interdependent self-construal is connected to more justice-related concerns, more moral outrage following observed unethical behavior, and a preference for effective but constructive sanctions. Independent self-construal, on the other hand, is expected to be connected to weaker moral reactions toward injustice, but also to preferring punitive over constructive forms of sanctions. Two studies were conducted in which dispositional self-construal was measured. In Study 2, self-construal was also manipulated with a priming procedure. Results show that interdependent self-construal is connected to stronger emotional reactions toward injustice, to social and moral concerns, to preferences for constructive forms, but also to retribution-oriented goals of punitive sanctions. Independent self-construal, on the other hand, goes along with fewer moral concerns, lower punitiveness, but more draconic attitudes.     

论刑事司法权利的宪法保护

公民受刑事追究时享有一系列程序性权利 ,涉及人身自由和安全的保障 ,属于基本人权范畴。此类权利应当具有防范国家司法权力侵害的防御功能 ,因此仅仅通过刑事诉讼法予以确定和保护是不够的 ,还应当由宪法加以确定和保障。保障公民的刑事司法权利应当是尊重和保障人权的核心内容。借鉴各国宪法的规定以及有关国家宪法实践 ,我国应当完善公民刑事程序权利宪法保护。     

Joint Dynamics of Legal and Economic Integration in the European Union

We evaluate the causal linkages between the economic and legal integration process that has characterised the formation of the European Union. Specifically, using the frequency of national references for preliminary rulings sent to the European Court of Justice as a measure of legal integration we investigate its joint dynamics with the expansion of intra-EU trade over the 1960–1998 time period. Our objective is to formally test whether any such linkages exist and the direction within which they have operated.     

刑事代理制度的理论基础

刑事代理作为一项法律权利 ,具有利他性、权能性和自由性的属性。作为一项诉讼制度 ,它是刑事诉讼实体正义、程序正义 ,提高刑事诉讼效率的必然要求     

当代公民应有的“六主德”

道德品质具有时代性.当代公民应具有自强、明智、节制、诚信、公正、仁爱等六种基本道德品质.它们是市场经济的精神动力和基础,是时代的伦理精神.真诚地践履"六主德"对现实生活是十分重要的.     

现代行政程序法治的兴起与反思

研究现代行政程序法治,有必要首先梳理作为其源头的程序法治观,并审视其在语境论下的实质。现代行政程序所具有的参与性、平等性、透明性、中立性、自治性和交涉性的品格,使其成为建设法治国家的重要制度。对现代行政程序法治三个方面的反思,将有助于扬长避短,进而结合其他制度共同促进我国的法治建设。     

国际法院司法实践中的反诉问题研究

反诉是国际法院诉讼程序中的一种附带程序。20世纪90年代,国际法院涉及到反诉的案子突然增多,其基本上是被作为一种诉讼策略在使用。国际法院在处理反诉过程中的系列做法彰显了反诉的诸多法理。为了加强对反诉程序的控制,国际法院对反诉规则进行了相应的修改。     

警察权的行使及其规制

警察权是国家执法权的重要组成部分,其作用在于维护社会秩序和安全。警察权是把双刃剑,具有利害双重性。既要充分发挥警察权的预期效果,又要抑制警察权的负效应。对警察权的规制要遵行法律规制原则、私权保障原则和程序正义原则。