解决两性问题的途径--"对话"通达两性和谐

霸权的文化传统和刻板的角色规范,在贬抑女人的同时,也使男人面临强大的社会压力。为改变不合理的价值规范和社会偏见,男女两性都做出了卓越的努力,向传统的价值社会发起了强有力的抗争,但事实一再地说明,任何一方的力量都无法建构一个符合两性愿望的社会构架。马丁.布伯的对话哲学,相信“凡真实的人生都是相遇的”,认为男女两性若要实现相互的和谐,最佳途径是选择对话,通过对话实现两者本位属性的回归。两性问题应由两性共同解决,对话是唯一的解决途径。     

寻求“自我”生成的历史基点——20世纪末女性历史写作的形态学分析

20世纪末女性写作以鲜明的个体话语方式通过与历史对话,探求女性“自我”生成的基点,揭穿隐蔽在现实背后的历史诡计。女性历史写作的多形态存在,显示了女性写作者与历史对话的信心。     

群体性事件中的对话研究

在目前利益多元、矛盾激烈、诉求途径有限的情况下,在矛盾双方或多方之间展开对话是寻求根本解决群体性事件办法的必经之路。而对话的本质是沟通、协商和理解。展开对话就是给予双方沟通的渠道,通过协商达到最小损害的结果。对话以合法、诚实、互信、守信为原则,以理性、合法、不超越底线为条件。不同的事件需要不同的对话主体,不同的对话主体会产生不同的对话效果。在群体性事件处置中,对话具有多种功能和类型,应当根据实际情况,巧妙地运用对话,以实现妥善处置群体性事件的效果。     

National ownership and donor involvement: an aid paradox illustrated by the case of Rwanda

A paradox in current international development cooperation is comprised by the simultaneous insistence on national ownership and far-reaching donor involvement through policy dialogue. In order to better understand this combination of a strong ownership ideal and extensive donor presence, this article explores how national and external actors portray the process of formulating and revising development policies and programmes in an aid recipient country. The study is based on original empirical material from national as well as external actors involved in the aid relation in Rwanda which, despite heavy aid dependence, is known to have achieved relative policy independence. Analysed in relation to three strands of critical thought in previous research, findings show that, in Rwanda, the very top political leadership is actively involved in initiating and formulating policies; that there are instances of negotiation as well as strong disagreements between national and external actors; and that, rather than donors seeking to retain control, Rwanda is depicted as setting its own agenda and effectively managing its donors. The paradox of an ownership ideal combined with donor involvement is thus met by an apparent tendency among national as well as external actors to emphasise national ownership while toning down donor influence.     

Environmental disobedience and the dialogic dimensions of dissent

In this paper, the potential for applying deliberative disobedience as a legitimation framework for environmental disobedience is unpacked. At present, disobedience on behalf of non-humans is not justified within the liberal theory of disobedience put forward by Rawls. Instead of framing harms to environment as indirect harms to humans, Smith’s framework of deliberative disobedience may be invoked on the premises that disobedients publicize not fundamental rights violations, but systematically distorted communication in the process that enacted the environmental policy or decision. To this end, the paper engages in a critical discussion about the dangers of legitimating environmental disobedience through deliberative disobedience. Indeed, its justification hinges on possessing deliberative or “dialogic” credentials as an alternative mode of address to distorted official channels. But its consequence, that of characterizing environmental disobedience as dialogic, means embracing the increasingly violent, clandestine and coercive acts as dialogue. I argue, this from deliberative premises with precarious implications for the legitimacy and uptake of environmental disobedients.     

司法审查的第三条道路——弱司法审查的兴起、发展及其中国意义

如何处理议会与法院关系，进而很好地保护人权，对世界各国来说都是一个重要且棘手的问题。长期以来人们只能在威斯敏斯特的议会至上和美国式司法审查模式之间做出非此即彼的选择。然而，1980年代之后，一种允许法院通过司法审查积极保护人权，但同时又尊重民主所要求的人民自我统治的新的司法审查模式，即弱司法审查模式正在兴起。梳理此一模式的制度发展脉络和相关学术争论，客观评价此种司法审查模式对“议会／法院”关系的处理以及人权的保护所可能带来的影响，并在此基础之上反思此种模式对于中国可能的意义，毫无疑问，是十分重要的。     

Discourse Categories in Encounters Between Palestinians and Israelis

The discourse in encounter groups between Jewish and Palestinian Israeli citizens was analyzed to investigate factors that promoted or hindered understanding between conflict groups. A typology of seven categories, ordered on a scale from monologues that do not meet to affective and cognitive understanding, was used. A histogram presented percents of speech categories per encounter. Qualitative and quantitative methods exposed factors influencing group processes. Changes in speech categories were chaotic, as opposed to linear. Analysis showed an interaction between the pressure of the conflict reality outside and the internal group process. This article addresses the theoretical question of the goal of intergroup encounters.     

平等对话:终结"文明极端主义"的历史选择

作为新概念的“文明极端主义”,是建立在西方“基督教文明优越感”和“白人至上主义”基础之上的。在经济、科技等的作用下,基督教文明成为强势文明,其他文明则处于相对“弱势文明”的境地。承认文明的相对性,倡导文明的多元性,建立文明多样性的人类共识,在相互尊重与理解中文明对话,则能降低乃至缓解文明冲突对人类的危害,从而使文明极端主义破产。     

The EU,Russia and the potential for dialogue – different readings of the crisis in Ukraine

Recent developments in European security have shown the growing need for a better understanding of the security dynamics on the European continent. This article presents an analysis of differing Russian and European perceptions of European security in general, and concerning the crisis in Ukraine in particular. As much of the literature on these issues has been normatively driven, we aim to provide an impartial presentation and analysis of the dominant Russian and EU discourses. This we see as essential for investigating the potential for constructive dialogue between Russia and the EU. If simplistic assumptions about the motivations and intentions of other actors take hold in the public debate and policy analyses, the main actors may be drawn into a logic that is ultimately dangerous or counterproductive. With this article we offer a modest contribution towards discouraging such a development in Russia–EU relations. After presenting an analysis of the differing EU and Russian perceptions, we discuss the potential for dialogue between such different worldviews, and reflect on potential implications for European security. As the article shows, there are tendencies of a certain adjustment in the Union’s approach that may make a partial rapprochement between the two sides more likely.     

Poor communities as corporate stakeholders: A bottom-up research approach

Abstract

This article strives to provide an understanding of salient issues affecting the daily lives of participants from various developing communities in the country, and within the bigger picture, discuss some implications for organisations that affect or are affected by such communities. A key implication is that the process of constant connectivity and dialogue, including dissent, with communities as corporate stakeholders, may be more important in establishing trust and earning accountability, than the outcomes of well-planned corporate social responsibility campaigns. The study is based on qualitative research undertaken between 2006 and 2008 in 35 South African rural and township communities in Limpopo Province, North-West and Gauteng. A bottom-up research approach was proposed by the researchers, which, instead of evaluating the effects of corporate communication campaigns on communities, was to begin at a grassroots level with communities themselves, by exploring top-of-mind issues. From the findings it was apparent that a vicious cycle of extreme and endemic poverty was the focal area that occupied community members’ minds. This study provides a linkage between certain aspects of corporate social responsibility, normative stakeholder theory, strategic communication and stakeholder dialogue, in an attempt to provide organisations with guidelines to evaluate and respond to the challenges of poor communities, and offer a perspective on the way strategic communication with poor communities should take place.