软件相关方法专利多主体分别实施侵权的责任分析

以软件控制并由多方主体分别实施的方法发明在物联网时代日益重要,但此类方法专利的保护在实践中存在着困难。针对方法专利的多主体分别实施侵权,采取有意思联络的共同侵权、以主动或明知为主观条件的间接侵权、承担连带责任的无意思联络的数人侵权等方式均难以准确判定并追究行为人的侵权责任,为权利人提供及时有效的救济。对此,可考虑在专利法中制定专门条款,或以司法解释明确规则,吸收"控制或指导"理论和实践经验,淡化各方的主观意思联络要件、强调其行为的客观关联,追究实施方法专利流程中关键步骤的主要控制人,尤其是明知相关软件在他人的方法专利实施中具有关键作用而将其内置于自己生产销售的设备中的行为人之直接侵权责任。     

A Method to Interpolate Osteon Volume Designed for Histological Age Estimation Research

Aging adult skeletal material is a crucial component of building the biological profile of unknown skeletal remains, but many macro- and microscopic methods have challenges regarding accuracy, precision, and replicability. This study developed a volumetric method to visualize and quantify histological remodeling events in three dimensions, using a two-dimensional serialized approach that applied circular polarizing microscopy and geographic information systems protocols. This approach was designed as a tool to extend current histological aging methodologies. Three serial transverse sections were obtained from a human femoral midshaft. A total sample size of 6847 complete osteons from the three sections was identified; 1229 osteons connected between all sections. The volume of all connected osteons was interpolated using ArcGIS area calculations and truncated cone geometric functions. Each section was divided into octants, and two random samples of 100 and of 30 connected osteons from each octant were generated. Osteon volume was compared between the octants for each random sample using ANOVA. Results indicated that the medial aspect had relative uniformity in osteon volume, whereas the lateral aspect showed high variability. The anterolateral–lateral octant had significantly smaller osteon volume, whereas the posterior–posterolateral octant had significantly larger osteon volume. Results also indicated that a minimum of 100 osteons is statistically more robust and more representative of normal osteon distribution and volume; the use of 30 osteons is insufficient. This research has demonstrated that osteon volume can be interpolated using spatial geometry and GIS applications and may be a tool to incorporate into adult age-at-death estimation techniques.     

The Between

Thinking with this special issue's group of feminist thinkers – some artists and others scholars – this introduction makes a strong case for co-authorship and a more collaborative humanities, while also insisting that the couple form – that stalwart object of queer and feminist theory – is neither a known quantity nor an exhausted entity, but rather, a field ripe for analysis. Situated squarely within performance studies, this introduction pivots away from questions of ontology and toward method and performativity, in order to ask: what modes of intellectual practice, erotic exchange, political work, and aesthetic experimentation happen uniquely within couple forms, in their most capacious and non-self-same iterations? What queer and feminist work can they do? What, in other words, is possible in the infinity, if indeed it is an infinity, between one and two?     

Diagnostic criteria for postbullying disorder: A phenomenological research design of bullying victims

This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic criteria for postbullying disorder, which enable the persons who provide therapy services for bullying victims, because until now, there are no criteria to help clinicians diagnose postbullying disorder. This study employed phenomenological research design. Purposive sampling was adopted to sample six university students who are experiencing the bullying behavior from their colleagues in the university campus. The results revealed that there are eight criteria for diagnosing postbullying disorder among victims. These are trauma exposure, symptoms of penetration, avoidance, perception and negative emotions, self‐destructive behavior, dysfunction due to symptoms, duration (1 month or more) of symptoms, and the criteria that the bullying symptoms cannot be attributed to the use of substances or drugs of another medical conditions. Results shed new light on the diagnostic criteria for postbullying disorder and proved the usefulness of these criteria in understanding the development of the postbullying symptoms among victims. These findings enable schools and universities to plan psychotherapy interventions for victims.     

典型电动两轮车倒地滑动摩擦系数实验研究

目的为获得典型电动两轮车倒地滑动摩擦系数,研究倒地滑行速度、路面干湿、路面材料以及电动两轮车结构等因素对电动两轮车倒地滑动摩擦系数的影响。方法采用实车牵引法测试了“标准”和“非标”两种类型电动两轮车在四种常见路面上的0~50 km/h速度区间内的倒地滑动摩擦系数。结果电动两轮车在实验混凝土路面倒地滑动摩擦系数为0.5~0.7,在实验沥青路面倒地滑动摩擦系数0.2~0.4,电动两轮车的倒地摩擦系数与滑动速度总体呈负相关,两种类型电动两轮车倒地摩擦系数无显著性差异。结论路面性质、倒地滑动速度对电动两轮车倒地滑动摩擦系数影响较大,电动两轮车类型对倒地滑动摩擦系数影响较小,实验混凝土和沥青路面倒地滑动摩擦系数分别为0.5~0.7和0.2~0.4。     

Photogrammetry vs CT Scan: Evaluation of Accuracy of a Low-Cost Three-Dimensional Acquisition Method for Forensic Facial Approximation

Photogrammetry is a three-dimensional acquisition method potentially applicable to the forensic field. This possibility requires the verification of its accuracy. In this study, 3D volumes of skulls are generated to compare the photogrammetry versus the CT scan. In order to provide eligible material to the photogrammetric software, photographs were captured at a distance of 30 cm from the skull placed on a support 1 m in height and illuminated with diffused laboratory ceiling artificial light. A Nikon Coolpix P7100 camera was used. Photographs capture common elements with the previous and the next photograph so as to allow the photogrammetric software to recognize these common points between photographs and create a 3D puzzle. The Zephyr Lite (3DFlow©) software was employed to register the 3D volume. CT-based skulls are taken as a metric reference. The photogrammetry-based skulls are then enlarged according to the measurements of some landmarks or Zygion and Zygion, the distance between end of nasal and base of nasal pyramid for frontal projection, and minimum breadth of the mandibular ramus for the right lateral projection. The accuracy of the photogrammetry is compared to that of the CT scan by measuring the 3D volumes of the skulls studied. Specific landmarks are used as reference points for the measures in both frontal and lateral views. Bland–Altman graph shows homogeneity. The mean difference (1.28 mm) indicates that the measurements taken on the photogrammetry-based skull tend to slightly overestimate compared with the measurements taken on the CT-based skull.     

案事件调查中视频证据的内容解析

案事件的调查中,常常需要专业人员出具书面的报告,对视频记载的事件过程进行描述和解释。实际案件中,视频内容的分析报告多采用时间顺序,以语言描述为主。本文提出视频内容解析的概念,综合运用图像处理、图像测量、现场实验等技术方法,对视频中人、车、物等状态及其相互关系进行定性和定量的分析。解析结果以文字与图表相结合的形式呈现,可以更清晰完整地表述视频中反映的事件过程,已在多起重特大案事件的现场视频分析中应用。对于持续时间较长、关键目标动作较复杂的案事件形成视频解析报告,有助于对事件过程的还原,提高了视频证据的证明能力。     

桑叶提取物对大鼠体内细胞色素P450酶活性的影响

目的 采用“Cocktail”混合探针药物法，探究桑叶水提物（aqueous extract of mulberry leaves，AML）、桑叶醇提物（ethanol extract of mulberry leaves，EML）对大鼠体内细胞色素P450（cytochrome P450,CYP450）酶活性的影响，从代谢酶的角度预测它可能引起的药物相互作用，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 选用非那西丁、安非他酮、双氯酚酸钠作为大鼠体内3种CYP450酶（CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C9）的探针药物。雄性SD大鼠连续灌胃桑叶提取物14 d，第14天灌胃后30 min尾静脉注射混合探针药物，根据不同时间点采血。采用超高效液相色谱- 串联质谱测定各组血药浓度，用DAS 2.0和SPSS 21.0软件拟合药物代谢动力学参数并进行统计学分析。结果 连续灌胃桑叶提取物14 d后，与9.0 g/L氯化钠注射液相比，AML组中非那西丁、双氯酚酸钠代谢减慢，安非他酮则不明显；与羧甲基纤维素钠组相比，EML组中安非他酮、双氯酚酸钠代谢减慢，非那西丁则不明显。结论 AML对大鼠体内CYP1A2、CYP2C9可能存在一定的抑制作用，对CYP2B6可能无显著性影响；EML对大鼠体内CYP2B6、CYP2C9可能存在一定的抑制作用，对CYP1A2可能无显著性影响。     

量刑基准确定方法研究

就量刑基准确定方法的求证路径而言,应提倡逻辑推演与实证分析相结合的思维方式。基于"主要因素论"的立场,量刑基准的确定方法总体上应以法益被侵害的程度作为主要因素,并根据相应法律后果即法定刑的设定加以判断。具体应结合犯罪类型,尤其是既遂犯的不同模式,确定各种犯罪的主要因素,并最终形成量刑的初始点。     

Morphologic analysis of third-molar mineralization for eastern Turkish children and youth

To date, there has been no chronological age estimation according to third-molar mineralization in eastern Turkish children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the development of the mandibular third molar and its relationship to chronological age in subjects aged 7-22 years according to Demirjian's stages. The final sample consisted of 1348 [622 males (mean age, 12.72 ± 3.14) and 726 females (mean age, 12.92 ± 2.89)] conventional orthopantomograms from eastern Turkish youths. An independent t-test was performed to evaluate the difference between sexes. Regression analysis was performed to obtain regression formulae for dental age calculation with chronological age. In males, there was a difference between males and females only at stage C (p = 0.03); females were advanced 0.37 years compared with males at the stage C. Third-molar development among eastern Turkish children and youths occurs at a more advanced age than other populations for almost all stages.