耕地集约经营与实现土地使用效益最大化探究

本文以梅河口市做好耕地集约规模经营取得的成效为切入点,从政府引导推动土地流转,制定优惠扶持政策为规模经营创造条件,加快农村劳动力转移为规模经营拓展空间等方面分析了梅河口市在耕地集约规模经营上取得的显著成效。同时,针对梅河口市在土地流转过程中存在的问题,从实现土地使用效益最大化的视角,对梅河口市如何做好土地规模经营提出了相关的对策。     

Three decades of agrarian reform in Zimbabwe

This article examines the empirical facts about the actual outcome of Zimbabwe's land reform, based on years of field research. It shows that the popular assumption about failed land reform in Zimbabwe is wrong on several counts: the character of Zimbabwe's land reform has been redistributive, and the extent of this has been wide enough to trigger significant progressive changes in the agrarian structure. This is despite some elites having benefited from the process and foreign-owned agro-industrial estates and conservancies being retained. The distribution of land among land reform beneficiaries has been relatively uneven, with some receiving larger land allocations than others, and this in turn influenced the differentiated access of these groups to farming services and infrastructure. Yet the productivity of small producers has grown slowly with output escalating recently. Three decades of land reform has recast land-based social relations in important ways, with the poor gaining more than previously believed.     

深化农地市场改革的法制保障

农地所有权转让与经营权流转是农村土地市场形成的基本条件。农地规模经营是承包经营权流转的基本动力。依据当前国家政策和法律,国家通过强制征收制度垄断了农地所有权交易市场,农地产权的自由交易仅限于承包经营权流转。实践证明,这种二元交易机制导致效率和公平双重损失。该文提出,深化农地市场改革,重在维护农民的土地权益,防止各种形式的利益侵蚀行为。     

完善我国土地资本化制度的法律思考

土地资本化就是在土地流转起来后,实现自身增值的过程。为此,应建立相应的法律制度。其一,要转变土地立法属性;其二,要健全土地利用规划;其三,要完善土地评估制度;其四,要平等保护集体土地与国有土地权利;其五,要明确农民主体权利;其六,要建立合理的利益分配格局;其七,要构建农地资本化配套措施,如建立农村土地交易机构和土地金融机构。     

论征地补偿费分配的反思与重构

我国征地补偿费分配纠纷数量不断上升，涉及人数众多，矛盾尖锐。征地补偿费分配纠纷的症结在于分配范围不清，分配对象不明和分配方案不公。我国应当拓宽补偿范围，完善补偿费发放制度，明确集体所有权人，确立集体成员的识别标准，设定最高留存比例，健全村民自治，从而确保征地补偿费公正、有序、合理的分配，以构建和谐、稳定的社会主义新农村。     

The land exclusion dilemma and Sumatra’s agrarian reactionaries

Even as millions of rural workers have organized into agrarian movements, their efforts to benefit from progressive social mobilizations often fail. To understand how agrarian movements can overcome these difficulties, this contribution acknowledges a dilemma: As agrarian movement members create ties to land they necessarily confront new forms of exclusion. We discuss this exclusionary land dilemma, with a focus on Sumatra’s agrarian reactionaries as an elite class possessing a potent exclusionary force that seeks to erase agrarian movement legitimacy and block rural workers’ mobilizations to reclaim and occupy land. We trace these agrarian reactionaries’ public life across a state–corporate–criminal apparatus and their repression of two agrarian movement mobilizations. We find agrarian reactionaries’ actions offer a partial explanation for the still-limited gains of Sumatra’s rural workers’ movements. Agrarian reactionaries legitimize their exclusions with nativist, ethno-territorial ideas that co-opt indigenous rights claims. In response, laborers and agriculturalists are now refining a more inclusive land politics – one of greater unifying influence that does not depend upon claims of indigeneity – to overcome reactionary repression.     

重庆地票制度的功能及问题探析

地票制度是重庆统筹城乡综合配套改革的一项创新。随着地票市场的发展,地票在优化城乡建设用地配置、显化农村土地资产价值等方面的功能日益显现。同时,作为一项改革,地票制度面临的土地发展权和土地保障能力的公平性、地票交易制度的可持续发展以及地票基准价格测算及收益分配等问题也应受到高度重视。应加强对地票交易制度的理论研究,充分认识地票的实质,从地票价值构成角度构建地票基准价格和地票收益测算体系;从农民财产权转移角度建立地票收益分配机制;从区域发展权转移角度和区域发展能力减损角度制定国家下达建设用地计划指标的补偿与奖励政策;构建地票制度运行的监测预警体系,促进地票制度健康有序运行。     

全球化时代海陆关系的超越与中国的选择

在全球化时代,海陆关系发生着实质性的改变。从理论上来看,传统地缘政治的内涵、外延以及逻辑起点都发生了变化,因此,海陆关系要突破地理环境决定论、对抗性思维以及形而上学的思想桎梏,由片面的、静止的海陆关系向联合、互动的方向转变;从实证角度看,通过回顾海陆大国处理地缘政治关系的历史事实,提出当今海陆大国合作意愿不断加强,融合性思维逐渐替代对抗性思维的论断。全球化时代的背景下,中国在处理海陆关系上需要突出合作思想,把握地缘政治重点,处理好大国关系。     

伪满洲国日本人移民用地征购政策

伪满洲国建立后,日本便不失时机地向中国东北大规模推行日本人农业移民,以达到土地和人口的占领,进而实现长期霸占的目的。为此日本关东军等有关侵略机构便煞费苦心炮制了一系列日本农业移民用地取得的方针、政策,并以军事为后盾,对中国东北的土地进行疯狂的强行"征用"、"收买"和掠夺,给中国人民带来了深重的灾难。     

山东省农村妇女土地权益调查分析

目前,侵害妇女土地权益的现象在全国范围内较为普遍,对山东省范围内侵害妇女土地权益情况的调查发现,妇女因出嫁、离婚、丧偶、招婿而面临失去土地权益的危险;在村里分配责任田、宅基地和土地征用补偿款时也存在男女不平等的现象.究其原因无外乎法律、观念和执行层面存在问题,因此,必须通过完善立法、加强执法、改变观念和强化监督等手段加以改善,切实维护妇女合法权益.