试论农民土地承包经营权流转规范的法律机制

体现恢复性司法理念的刑事和解程序,以一种全新的问题解决思路处理刑事犯罪问题。作为一项新的刑事司法模式,这一制度已在国际上得到普遍认可,并成为当今世界刑事法治发展的一种潮流趋势。但我国现阶段对此方面的法律规定尚处空白,而以人为本构建和谐社会的呼声愈来愈高,如何将恢复性司法程序本土化,建立一个规范、完善的刑事和解制度已成为摆在众多刑事法律执业者们面前的一大课题。笔者仅就刑事和解制度法治发展的趋势及程序性构建进行探讨。     

环境纠纷行政解决机制探讨

环境纠纷已成为人类的重大纠纷之一,传统的解决纠纷方式已无法及时、有效的解决问题,于是各国都在积极寻求行政解决途径,我国建立了以行政调解为主行政裁决为辅的行政解决机制,但这种机制存在一定的局限性,有必要在我国制定专门的环境纠纷处理法,建构以行政裁决为主行政调解为辅的新机制。     

Violence,displacement and democracy in post-conflict societies: evidence from Mali

This article examines the political crisis in Mali, 2012–2013, to test the impact of violent conflict on public attitudes to democracy. In post-conflict situations, democracy building depends on interim steps to restore trust among citizens and to address national reconciliation and transitional justice. According to the results of a custom-designed opinion survey, recent experiences of violence and displacement in Mali have undermined both interpersonal and interethnic trust as well as public confidence that elected governments can resolve national conflicts. While internal displacement is frequently accompanied by violence against property, violence against persons increases popular demand for a retributive brand of transitional justice. Nonetheless, the Malian experience suggests that citizens in post-conflict societies – including those displaced from their homes – still yearn to live in a peaceful and unified country and have not abandoned a widespread preference for democracy.     

检察机关适用刑事和解的程序问题研究

刑事和解已经成为我国各地检察机关广为实践探索的刑事司法改革措施,但由于缺少法律依据,程序适用上的不协调问题比较严重。本文对检察机关在审查起诉、呈捕以及审判阶段如何适用刑事和解的程序问题进行了研究,并探完了如何防止刑事和解中滥用检察权的途径,以促进相关立法的完善以及刑事司法改革的顺利开展。     

轻伤害案件之刑事和解应何去何从——由一起轻伤害案件引发的法律思考

实践中,轻伤害案件的刑事和解中存在一种不合理的现象：在公诉程序中,在被羁押的状态下,加害人会处于非自愿地选择刑事和解的艰难处境。产生这种现象的根本原因在于轻伤害案件按法律规定既可走公诉程序又可走自诉程序,直接原因在于轻伤害案件的刑事和解实践中存在一些不良因素。解决问题的办法就在于使轻伤害案件自诉程序实现理性回归。     

基于刑事和解的赔偿减刑简

刑事和解“花钱买刑”的嫌疑,导致一种普遍的误解。法制宣传和教育的根本在于法治理念的传播,而不是表面上法律条文的诵读。因而和解的有效运转需要从理论上诠释“赔偿减刑”的正当化依据。在逻辑上,“花钱”无法“买刑”,在“花钱买刑”的背后是刑事和解与时下正在推崇的程序本位及程序自治背离的实质。刑事和解能够减刑的一般性正当依据在于,和解针对民间纠纷解决的有效性以及此中具体正义实现的功效。刑事和解赔偿减刑正当性的规范性依据在于,“刑事赔偿”已具有承担部分刑事责任的属性,在禁止双重危险原则和罪刑均衡原则下,相应地要求对行为人减轻处罚。在确立非刑罚处罚措施作为刑事责任承担的一般意义上,有必要在刑法中确立和解赔偿减刑的实体法依据,这是和解赔偿减刑制度确立后对刑法修正的要求。     

德国合意制度对完善我国刑事和解制度的启示简

客观真实理念与刑事诉讼中的权力部分让渡具有天然契合性,德国刑事诉讼合意制度的流变反映了合意程序在德国刑事诉讼发展的必然。2009年5月修改通过的《德国刑事诉讼法》最引人瞩目的是该法第153条a款明文规定,允许程序参与者之间对刑事程序的结果及其处理达成合意,对我国新《刑事诉讼法》相关规定的补充和细化具有重要的启示意义。     

The New China: Dynamism and vulnerability

Abstract

From 1998 to 2003, the Solomon Islands found itself in the grip of ‘the Tensions’, a violent civil conflict that left some 200 people dead, more than 20,000 displaced, and countless others subjected to torture, rape, fear and intimidation. In the aftermath of the conflict, two dominant approaches to post-conflict justice emerged. The first, implemented by the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), favoured a ‘rule of law’ approach according to which large numbers of militants on both sides were arrested and processed through the criminal justice system resulting, in many cases, in the imposition of lengthy period of imprisonment. The second, ‘reconciliation’ approach, favoured local, grassroots, traditional and indigenous justice processes and were routinely implements by community groups, women's organisations and the churches. This article demonstrates that in the absence of a formally planned transitional justice process, these two approaches to post-conflict justice have come into serious tension with proponents of each accusing the other of hampering their justice efforts. It examines those tensions and analyses the extent to which the Solomon Islands’ Truth and Reconciliation Commission, designed in part to provide a bridge between the rule of law and reconciliation approaches, has been able to quell this new set of tensions.     

Semiotics of pride and profit: interrogating commodification in indigenous handicraft production

This study investigates the shifting terrain of pride, profit and power relations in minority language communities under contemporary globalisation. While “pride” associates linguistic-cultural heritage with identity and preservation, “profit” views these as sources of economic gain. In contemporary late capitalism, “pride” seems to be increasingly giving way to “profit”. Arguing that this transformation needs to be interrogated in terms of complexity and that a detailed, multilayered semiotic analysis can open a privileged window for such an inquiry, this study combines critical multimodal discourse analysis and an ethnographic approach to analyse processes of semiotic commodification in handicraft production in the indigenous minority language community of the Sámi in northern Lapland. The investigation focuses on the activities of an innovative Sámi artist and entrepreneur, and within these a range of paper notebooks, which are, although designed by the Sámi artist and sold in her handicraft shop in Lapland, produced by women living at the border of Thailand and Laos. The investigation illuminates two critical shifts: how the move towards profit can open up space to contest the ownership of pride within an ethnic community. Second, how this move makes way for new, globalised modes of production of ‘indigenous handicrafts’ and creates global vectors of power, engaged in both empowerment and exploitation, in the production of both pride and profit. The study thereby contributes to the understanding of the increasingly complex power relations and the ambivalence and multiple effects of practices constituting the apparent shift from “pride” to “profit”.