Analyzing Brazilian vehicle documents for authenticity by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry

Using desorption/ionization techniques such as easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS), it is possible to analyze documents of Brazilian vehicles for authenticity, providing a chemical profile directly from the surface of each document. A method for the detection of counterfeit documents is described, and the falsification procedure is elucidated. Forty authentic and counterfeit documents were analyzed by both positive and negative ion modes, EASI(±)-MS. EASI(+)-MS results identified the presence of (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate plasticizer and of dihexadecyldimethylammonium biocide in both types of documents. For EASI(-)-MS results, the 4-octyloxybenzoic acid additive ([M + H](+): m/z 249) is present only in counterfeit documents. It was also found that counterfeit vehicle documents are produced via Laserjet printers. Desorption/ionization techniques, such as EASI-MS, offer therefore, an intelligent way to characterize the counterfeiting method.     

机动车司法鉴定机构资质认定认可项目分类探讨

通过对国内机动车行业检测、检查、鉴定管理现状,归纳出社会对机动车司法鉴定主要需求,依据国家已经颁布的相关法律法规,分析机动车司法鉴定机构资质认定、认可的可行性,探索如何建立规范、合理、统一的机动车司法鉴定机构资质认定认可项目分类方法,并推荐了分类模式。     

交通事故社会救助基金立法的若干思考

机动车第三者责任强制保险条例中规定了交通事故救助基金制度，但没有明确规定救助基金的运营和监管由哪个部门负责，也没有更具体的立法例可供遵循，所以一直未能得到有效实施，文章围绕交通事故救助基金制度的运作模式、资金来源、救助范围、代位追偿等提出几点意见，希望能引起业界同仁的共同关注，并促成该制度的付诸实施。     

截查暴力犯罪嫌疑车辆的常规战术研究

在截查暴力犯罪嫌疑车辆的行动过程中,警察往往处于“敌暗我明”的现场状态,行动中具有较强的对抗性和较大的危险性,因此要求警员在临战中应保持高度的警惕性。必须坚持“有备无患,攻防结合”的临战处置原则,牢固树立“依法、合理、有效使用武器”的指导思想。为严厉打击违法犯罪,尽可能保证警察自身安全,民警应养成严谨规范的执法行为,始终坚持“宁可信其有,不可信其无”的原则(这里“有”指犯罪行为并有加害警察的可能),民警在执行车辆查控的警务活动当中,在思想上应时刻提醒自己——“接近嫌疑目标就意味着危险的开始”,要克服恃勇轻进、尚勇轻谋、冒险蛮干的轻敌麻痹思想,努力做到有勇有谋、沉着应战。     

论新形势下的摸底排队工作

摸底排除是侦查机关的专门工作与群众路线相结合之侦查方针的具体体现，它在对获取犯罪线索、及时破案的侦查实践中发挥着巨大的作用,但在新形势下，由于经济、科技以及社会环境的变化，传统的摸底排队工作在摸排条件确定上出现了新的问题，在摸排范围的圈定上也面临着巨大的挑战，只有转换思路．将现代化的科学理念和科技手段引入到摸排工作中来，才能使摸底排队工作重获生机与活力.     

Regulating human control over autonomous systems

In recent years, many sectors have experienced significant progress in automation, associated with the growing advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. There are already automated robotic weapons, which are able to evaluate and engage with targets on their own, and there are already autonomous vehicles that do not need a human driver. It is argued that the use of increasingly autonomous systems (AS) should be guided by the policy of human control, according to which humans should execute a certain significant level of judgment over AS. While in the military sector there is a fear that AS could mean that humans lose control over life and death decisions, in the transportation domain, on the contrary, there is a strongly held view that autonomy could bring significant operational benefits by removing the need for a human driver. This article explores the notion of human control in the United States in the two domains of defense and transportation. The operationalization of emerging policies of human control results in the typology of direct and indirect human controls exercised over the use of AS. The typology helps to steer the debate away from the linguistic complexities of the term “autonomy.” It identifies instead where human factors are undergoing important changes and ultimately informs about more detailed rules and standards formulation, which differ across domains, applications, and sectors.     

视频方法鉴定车速的准确性研究

目的通过实验研究用视频方法鉴定车速结果的准确性及其影响因素。方法在选定的实验场地上,让实验车辆以一定速度匀速通过一段距离,使用高空、垂直、斜角和车载四个位置的摄像机同时录制,将车速计算结果进行比较。结果理论和实验数据分析表明,误差的大小主要取决于:车速和帧速率,车体上参考点和路上参考点的对齐效果,还有行车距离的大小和播放器屏幕的大小等。结论用视频方法进行车速鉴定,相对于传统的用力学公式进行计算,其准确性和可信度较好;一般条件下,误差可在5%~10%之间估算;夜晚条件下,可在车灯的轮廓线上选择车体上参考点,炫目情况除外。     

Toxicological Findings in Fatal Motor Vehicle Collisions in Ontario,Canada: A One‐Year Study

Drug‐impaired driving is a complex area of forensic toxicology due in part to limited data concerning the type of drugs involved and the concentrations detected. This study analyzed toxicological findings in drivers from fatal motor vehicle collisions (FMVCs) in Ontario, Canada, over a one‐year period using a standardized protocol. Of the 229 cases included in the study, 56% were positive for alcohol and/or drugs. After alcohol, cannabis was the most frequently encountered substance (27%), followed by benzodiazepines (17%) and antidepressants (17%). There were differences in drugs detected by age but no marked difference in drugs detected between single and multiple FMVC's. Not all drugs detected were considered impairing either due to drug type, concentration or case history. The findings indicate the importance of comprehensive drug testing in FMVCs and highlight the need to consider a variety of factors, in addition to drug type and concentration, when assessing the role of drugs in driving impairment.     

Classification of Pelvic Ring Fractures in Skeletonized Human Remains

Pelvic ring fractures are associated with high rates of mortality and thus can provide key information about circumstances surrounding death. These injuries can be particularly informative in skeletonized remains, yet difficult to diagnose and interpret. This study adapted a clinical system of classifying pelvic ring fractures according to their resultant degree of pelvic stability for application to gross human skeletal remains. The modified Tile criteria were applied to the skeletal remains of 22 individuals from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México that displayed evidence of pelvic injury. Because these categories are tied directly to clinical assessments concerning the severity and treatment of injuries, this approach can aid in the identification of manner and cause of death, as well as interpretations of possible mechanisms of injury, such as those typical in car-to-pedestrian and motor vehicle accidents.     

网约车行业治安管控探究

随着互联网行业的迅速发展,一种以互联网为基础的互联网+经济发展方式迅速崛起,并且深深的影响了每一个人的生活。而最近兴起的网络约车服务也依托互联网平台,这种新型的专车服务方式不仅价格划算而且也为群众的出行提供了便利。然而,新生事物的产生和发展总是具有两面性,在给群众生活带来巨大便利的同时也带来了不少的治安隐患,这就需要公安部门采取相应的管控措施去解决这些问题,保证网约车行业健康有序的发展。