19世纪东北亚国际关系刍议

19世纪是东北亚国际关系的形成时期,该世纪下半叶,中、日、俄三国间的传统关系发生巨变,朝鲜成为列强争夺的焦点并首次提出三八线问题。由于欧美列强的强行介入,延续了几个世纪的华夷朝贡体系终结,东北亚国际关系由两国间的双边关系演变为多国互动和相互制衡,典型的近代国际关系形成。     

贵州黔南地区汉族人群18个STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的调查贵州黔南地区汉族人群D5S818等18个基因座的遗传多态性。方法采用国产DNATyperTM19荧光标记试剂盒,获得1104名黔南地区汉族无关个体18个STR基因座的DNA分型,并应用统计软件计算等位基因的分布频率等群体遗传学数据。结果 18个STR基因座的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05),杂合度(H)在0.622~0.915之间,匹配概率(Pm)在0.017~0.220之间,个体识别概率(DP)在0.780~0.983之间,多态信息含量(PIC)在0.540~0.900之间,非父排除概率(PE)值在0.318~0.826之间。结论 18个STR基因座具有遗传多态性,在该地区汉族人群的多态性研究中具有较高的应用价值。     

Analysis of mutations in father–son pairs with 17 Y-STR loci

We have examined 389 father/son sample pairs from U.S. Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics and Asians using the 17 Y-STR loci in the Yfiler™ kit and observed a total of 24 differences between father and son. Thirteen mutations resulted in the gain of a repeat in the son and 11 resulted in a loss of a repeat. All samples resulted in single repeat mutations except one sample which contained a two repeat loss at Y-GATA-H4. Furthermore, two different sample pairs were found to have two mutations. An African American sample pair had a mutation at DYS458 and a second at DYS635 and an Asian sample pair had mutations at DYS439 and Y-GATA-H4.     

Aufrechnung nach Verständigung von der Zession künftiger Forderungen / Kostenforderung des Rechtsanwaltes

Das Recht des Rechtsanwaltes nach § 19 Abs 1 RAO ist ein Aufrechnungsrecht, auf dessen Auslegung die §§ 1438 ff ABGB zur Anwendung gelangen, soweit dem nicht die Besonderheiten des Bevollm?chtigungsvertrages entgegenstehen. Jedenfalls dann, wenn es sich um Ansprüche aus einem im Zeitpunkt der Abtretung und der Verst?ndigung bereits bestehenden Vertragsverh?ltnis handelt, aus dem auch der abgetretene Anspruch resultiert, hat es dabei zu bleiben, dass der debitor cessus auch mit Gegenforderungen aufrechnen kann, die er nach seiner Benachrichtigung, aber bis zum Zeitpunkt des Entstehens der abgetretenen Hauptforderung erlangt hat. Das gilt auch für eine Aufrechnung nach § 19 RAO.     

Von den WE-Bewerbern in den Kaufverträgen vereinbarte künftige Lifterrichtung im WE-Haus – Aktivlegitimation der Eigentümergemeinschaft über Aufteilung und Ersatz der vorfinanzierten Lifterrichtungskosten

Die von den WE-Bewerbern in den Kauf- und WE-Vertr?gen vereinbarte künftige Errichtung eines Lifts im WE-Haus ist eine Ma?nahme der gemeinschaftlichen Liegenschaftsverwaltung. Deshalb stehen Ansprüche auf finanzielle Beteiligung der einzelnen Wohnungseigentümer (hier: anteiliger Aufwandersatzanspruch eines Wohnungseigentümers nach § 1014 ABGB, der die Errichtungskosten als rechtsgesch?ftlich bestellter Unterbevollm?chtigter des WE-Verwalters vorfinanziert hat) nur der teilrechtsf?higen Eigentümergemeinschaft zu, die organschaftlich durch den WE-Verwalter vertreten wird. Der vorfinanzierende Wohnungseigentümer hingegen ist dazu nicht aktiv legitimiert.     

19世纪后半期俄国远东地区对中国东北农畜产品的需求

19世纪中叶俄国占领中国黑龙江以北、乌苏里江以东大片领土并向该地派遣驻军和移民后，俄国远东地区所需物资、尤其是农畜产品极度缺乏，所缺农畜产品中的相当大部分需从相邻的中国东北购买。19世纪后半期中国东北农畜产品的对俄输出，一方面满足了俄国远东地区对粮食、肉类和畜力的迫切需要，从而为该地区的经济发展提供了先决条件；另一方面，对中国东北农牧业的发展也起到了一定的促进作用。     

A survey of the concentration of 19-OH F1α/F2α prostaglandins in the semen of fertile, infertile and vasectomized men and their stability in both liquid semen and semen stains

The levels of 19-hydroxy-prostaglandins F₁α/F₂α (PG F) in the semen of 19 vasectomized, 44 infertile and 8 fertile men were determined using a simple RIA technique. The mean concentrations observed in this survey were 45 μg/ml, 49.5 μg/ml and 59 μg/ml, respectively. No significant difference was recorded between the vasectomized and infertile groups; there were too few fertile samples available to undertake a meaningful statistical comparison. No reduction was observed in the levels of this PG in a liquid semen sample retained at room temperature over a 4 week period in the presence of a bacteriostat (sodium azide). However, a 30% reduction in the levels of 19-OH PG F occurred over the same time period when aliquots of the same semen sample were retained at either room temperature or at 4°C without azide. Finally, no reduction was observed in the concentration of 19-OH PG F in a series of 10-μl semen stains stored over a period of 6 weeks at room temperature.     

Phenolphthalein False‐Positive Reactions from Legume Root Nodules

Presumptive tests for blood play a critical role in the examination of physical evidence and in the determination of subsequent analysis. The catalytic power of hemoglobin allows colorimetric reactions employing phenolphthalein (Kastle‐Meyer test) to indicate “whether” blood is present. Consequently, DNA profiles extracted from phenolphthalein‐positive stains are presumed to be from blood on the evidentiary item and can lead to the identification of “whose” blood is present. Crushed nodules from a variety of legumes yielded phenolphthalein false‐positive reactions that were indistinguishable from true bloodstains both in color quality and in developmental time frame. Clothing and other materials stained by nodules also yielded phenolphthalein false‐positive reactivity for several years after nodule exposure. Nodules from leguminous plants contain a protein (leghemoglobin) which is structurally and functionally similar to hemoglobin. Testing of purified leghemoglobin confirmed this protein as a source of phenolphthalein reactivity. A scenario is presented showing how the presence of leghemoglobin from nodule staining can mislead investigators.     

The Diputación de la Grandeza and the organization of ‘Retrospective Art Exhibitions’ in the second half of the nineteenth century

This paper analyses the art policies deployed by old Spanish nobility in the second half of the nineteenth century, and in particular those who became involved in organising what were then known as retrospective art exhibitions. The old nobility, whose families held titles that dated back to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and belonged to the category of Grandes (Grandees) of Spain, joined together in the Diputación de la Grandeza de España – a private association created in opposition to the new nobility. It was a consultative institution attached to the Crown and created in 1815 under the honorary presidency of the King. This paper argues that the distinction sought by this regrouping of the old nobility does not imply lack of engagement in the new artistic model based on the notion of fine arts, in which they were responsible for a number of rather telling nuances. As well as sharing with the bourgeoisie the general idea that the arts were in need of protection, the nobility cultivated the image that patronage of the arts was linked to tradition, and this had consequences for the evaluation of history, the musealisation of their private collections and the public reception of old art.