马来西亚解决"奥郎·阿斯利"族群问题的政策、影响及其评析

“奥郎.阿斯利”是马来西亚的土著族群,国内相关论述极少。本文分析了“奥郎.阿斯利”问题的形成和政府为解决问题而针对“奥郎.阿斯利”人所实行的政策,并分析了这些政策对“奥郎.阿斯利”人的影响。最后从马来西亚现代化进程的角度对其政策进行了宏观上的评析。通过本文,可以清楚地看到“奥郎.阿斯利”这一落后族群在马来西亚现代化进程中的变迁以及马来西亚政府的政策得失,为多民族国家处理落后民族或者族群问题提供了一定的经验教训。     

关于集体土地征收案件的争议焦点和裁判结果的调查与思考

来自数据库"北大法宝"和中国裁判文书网的22篇关于集体土地征收案件的终审裁判文书揭示了如下事实:集体土地征收案件的争议焦点主要集中在受案范围、原告资格、诉讼请求、起诉期限、起诉程序、管辖法院、土地征收程序及土地征收补偿等方面,而法院大多支持原审被告。这一现象说明,只有通过制度设计来降低司法维权的成本和提高司法维权的实效,才能引导土地被征收人通过司法途径维权。同时,还应当完善行政程序违法的判决形式、驳回诉讼请求判决的适用条件以及管辖权转移制度,加强涉农法制宣传教育。     

论社会公正与和谐社会

随着社会合作、生产力水平的提高,人与人之间自然就会产生一种利益的冲突,就需要用社会公正原则来指导各种不同的利益分配,以求达到恰当合理的分配。公正的民主制度建设就是要通过规范化、程序化、公开化的制度设计来整合民意,从而公平、有效地协调利益矛盾,解决利益冲突,这也是构建和谐社会重要的制度保障。     

Skunks in an English Woodland: Should England Embrace For‐Profit Higher Education?

The British government is encouraging the growth of for‐profit alternative providers of higher education (HE). While it is true that for‐profits have opened HE access to previously under‐served groups and have been more agile in reacting to market demand, they have done so at a considerable cost to students and the taxpayer because they do not share in the cost of the failure of HE to ensure a payoff for many of their students. The US experience with for‐profits should be a cautionary tale for those supporting their expansion in Britain. Policy is needed to craft a regulatory framework that produces the benefits that for‐profits can provide, but minimises the costs that often accompany them. At present, it is far from clear that expanding alternative providers—that is, for‐profits—would ‘work better’ for students.     

Living in a Policy State: From Trust for Sale to Trust of Land

The Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996has transformed the nature of co-ownership interests in land.The trust for sale, which governed dealings in co-ownedproperty under the Law of Property Act 1925, and whichmade sale the presumptive object of co-ownership, has been replaced by a trust of land, under which co-owners retainan interest in the land itself, rather than its capital value.This article considers the likely impact of this legislativepolicy departure, particularly in relation to the court'swillingness to grant an order for the sale of co-owned propertyon application by a creditor, and against the wishes of anon-debtor co-owner occupier.     

承包地利用的守成与突破——以土地经营权法律定位的检讨为中心

农地家庭承包带来的分散经营的弊端,可通过在农户的土地承包经营权上为新型经营主体设立土地经营权而得到克服。新《农村土地承包法》创设的土地经营权,摆脱了集体成员身份对土地承包经营权的束缚,有助于更大程度释放农地的财产价值。“以其他方式承包取得的权利”应为物权性质的土地承包经营权,而非土地经营权。承包地因物权性利用和债权性利用之不同,各自法律效果存在明显差异。在三权分置的结构下,土地经营权的性质应属于债权。明确土地经营权性质,不仅有利于促进土地有效利用,还能够解决农地权利群的逻辑冲突。     

创新与超越:新地缘政治与国家安全

运用地理关系谋划国家安全是地缘政治的本来使命.以扩张、对抗和谋霸为核心的传统地缘政治存在逻辑缺陷,不能合理解释当代国际政治现实,也无法有效应对国家安全面临的新挑战.为此,需要创新并超越传统地缘政治思维,以新地缘政治观来重新审视和谋划国家安全.中国在此方面进行了有益的探索和尝试,新安全观与和谐世界理论的提出与实践,表明新地缘政治具有相当的发展空间和现实应用价值.     

我国农地管理的主体行为与博弈分析

我国现行的农地管理未能达到预期的效果,其核心原因在于宏观政策缺乏微观执行基础.基于此,分析了农地管理主体(包括中央政府、地方政府和村集体)的行为,并探讨了农地管理中不同主体之间的利益博弈、不同管理主体的行为变化对各主体利益的影响以及由此引发的农民的利益变化.利用博弈论分析方法建立了三个主体的博弈分析模型.首先从子博弈分析出发,分析中央政府与地方政府在农地管理中的博弈过程,其次分析地方政府与农民集体利益的代表——村集体的博弈分析,最后建立三个主体的主博弈模型.研究发现:在农地管理过程中,地方政府间联合与中央政府博弈的可能性不大,因而通过自上而下的政府规制,白下而上做实农地管理的微观主体——包括明确农民的使用权益、提高农民的市场地位,有利于消除农地管理中的寻租行为,提高农地管理的效率.     

Challenges posed by the new wave of farmland investment

Despite recent headlines about the ‘land rush’, scant empirical evidence implies that the debate is often theoretical and dominated by preconceived notions. To provide evidence that could better inform the debate, this paper focuses on three areas. First, we find that new land demand, which skyrocketed after the 2007/08 commodity price spike, remained at high levels, with a strong focus on Africa, and often countries with weak land rights protection. Some countries transferred large areas to investors, frequently locals, with limited benefits and in many cases negative impact due to weak processes and limited capacity. Second, complementing the focus on demand with an assessment of agro-climatic potential point towards major scope for productivity increase on currently cultivated areas and allows identification of countries where demand for land expansion may concentrate. Finally, comparative analysis of country policies highlights the need for recognition of existing rights, an emphasis on voluntary transfers, transparency, and thorough review of economic, social, and environmental viability as necessary—though by no means sufficient—conditions to reduce the likelihood of negative impacts.