论电子商务法的基本原则——以全球电子商务立法为视角

电子商务法的国际协调性和趋同性并未完全统一当前关于电子商务法基本原则的不同立法主张或理论观点。目前主张的原则大多属于与电子商务法的基本原则有关的立法指导思想、立法技术、具体原则及传统商法的基本原则的范畴,其中技术中立原则和媒介中立原则才属于电子商务法的基本原则。融合了公平原则、过错责任原则和技术局限免责理念的技术风险合理分配原则作为电子商务法的基本原则在立法中已有反映但未能在理论上得到重视。     

An analysis of traditional rules applied by Australian courts to establish personal jurisdiction and their application in e-commerce

This article analyses the jurisdictional principles employed by Australian courts in establishing personal jurisdiction in traditional settings and its extension to e-commerce cases. The Australian courts apply the court rules to exercise personal jurisdiction over defendants. The article discusses these rules relating to serving process within and outside Australia and jurisdiction based on the submission of the parties. The adequacies of principles like forum-non-conveniens, forum selection clauses which are vital in the personal jurisdiction inquiry are analysed. The unique High Court decision in Dow Jones v. Gutnick is discussed and the approach followed by the court critically analysed to highlight the excessive exercise of personal jurisdiction. Other cases concerning the internet are also discussed to highlight the approaches followed to establish personal jurisdiction in internet and e-commerce cases. It is argued that the drawbacks highlight the need for legislation to regulate personal jurisdiction in e-commerce cases.     

An academic perspective on the copyright reform

The recently proposed new Copyright Directive was released on 14 September 2016. It has been described by EU law-makers as the pillar of the copyright package promised by the European Commission (EC), to be delivered before the end of Mr. Juncker's mandate. In its Communication of 6 May 2015, the EC had stressed “the importance to enhance cross-border access to copyright-protected content services, facilitate new uses in the fields of research and education, and clarify the role of online services in the distribution of works and other subject-matter.” The proposed Copyright Directive is thus a key measure aiming to address two of these three issues. However it is not without shortfalls.We have therefore decided to publicly express our concerns and send an open letter to the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council to urge them to re-assess the new provisions dealing with mandatory filtering of user-generated content in the light of the CJEU case law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.In a more extended statement, we examine in details the text of both the explanatory memorandum and the Directive itself.Our conclusions are:1. A comprehensive re-assessment of Article 13 and Recital 39 in the light of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the E-commerce Directive (in particular Article 15) including CJEU case law is needed, as the proposed Copyright Directive does not expressly address the issue of its compatibility with both of these texts.2. Recital 38 does not clarify the domain and effect of Article 13. Rather, it creates confusion as it goes against settled CJEU case law (relating to Articles 14 and 15 of the E-commerce Directive and Article 3 of the Infosoc Directive). Recital 38 should therefore be deleted or substantially re-drafted/re-phrased. If the EU wants to introduce a change in this regard it should clearly justify its choice. In any case, a recital in the preamble to a directive is not an appropriate tool to achieve this effect.We hope that this exercise will prove useful for the debate that has now begun both in the European Parliament and in the Council.     

电子商务视角下的涉外民事协议管辖制度——以我国《民事诉讼法》第244条的修改和完善为中心

电子商务作为一种新经济手段,在挑战传统民商事管辖权理论的同时,也对我国《民事诉讼法》第244条的相关规定带来极大挑战。为应对这些挑战,诸如涉外因素判断标准的多元化、剔除实际联系标准、对不合理协议管辖进行规制以及承认电子消费合同中协议管辖的效力等方面应成为我国新《民事诉讼法》修改的基本趋向。     

电子商务与行政管理创新

随着电子商务的蓬勃发展,电子商务自身的特点对政府管理提出了新的要求,即需要一个廉价、高效、开放且能提供零距离、个性化服务的政府.而同样基于网络技术的电子政府则顺应了这一要求,他将实现无纸化办公、政务公开,为公众提供更便捷的服务,并能促进决策的民主化、科学化.同时政府也应加强对电子商务的管理,在推进企业信息化,完善金融支付、物流配送体系,以及制定电子法律法规等方面发挥其应有的作用.     

数字化商品及其相关的民法问题

数字化商品是网络电子商务中的一种特殊的标的物 ,具有知识性、商品性及数字性等特点 ,在以其为标的物的交易中 ,涉及到了民法领域内多个方面的问题 ,并出现了一些新的情况。我们应当立足于中国实际 ,并借鉴国内外先进经验 ,健全相关立法 ,用法律武器维护数字化商品电子商务的健康发展。     

电子商务税收的立法完善

电子商务的出现所引起的税收变化对原有税收规则提出了挑战 ,国外对电子商务税收存在着几种不同的态度 ;为解决电子商务税收问题 ,应在遵循税收一般原则的基础上 ,完善电子商务税收立法。     

电子商务平台MFN条款的反垄断法分析

近年来在电子商务平台领域,围绕MFN条款产生的垄断行为逐渐引起各国反垄断机构的关注,已经涌现出如“苹果电子书案”“亚马逊电子书案”“在线酒店预订(OTA)案”等典型案例。由于MFN条款具有促进竞争和限制竞争的双重效果,各国在规制MFN条款垄断行为过程中面临着适用原则选择、违法性认定依据选择和责任追究等多重分歧和困境。在市场高度集中、信息高度透明的电子商务平台领域,涉MFN条款的垄断行为可能更易达成,危害性也可能更为严重。我国有必要借鉴域外经验,形成对涉MFN条款垄断行为的违法性认定标准体系和追责机制,防范和减轻MFN条款引起的限制竞争效果。     

电子商务中的认证技术

认证技术是保证电子商务安全的重要技术手段,是防止信息被篡改、删除、重放和伪造的一种有效方法,它具有被验证的能力,使接收者能够识别和确认消息的真伪。常用的安全认证技术主要有数字证书、数字签名、数字信封等。文中分析了电子商务的这几种认证技术。     

反向刷单行为性质的法教义学分析

2014年南京市反向刷单第一案被定性为破坏生产经营罪,这一结论存在逻辑上的问题。基于法教义学的分析,将反向刷单行为定性为破坏生产经营罪是一种唯结果论和主观主义思维的定罪模式,忽略了罪刑法定原则这一大前提,违背了兜底条款的同类解释规则,放松了对构成要件符合性的文本分析,因而将其认定为破坏生产经营罪不合适。