新城疫病毒F48E9株V基因的表达及其抗血清的制备

采用PCR方法从鸡源新城疫病毒(NDV)强毒F48E9株P基因重组质粒中扩增出了V 基因全长cDNA,并引进相应的突变位点,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体,然后亚克隆到原核表达载体 pET-30c上,重组质粒经酶切、PCR鉴定及测序,筛选出阳性重组质粒,并命名为pET-30c-V。将 pET-30c-V转化大肠埃希氏菌BL21(DE3),用1 mmol／L IPTG 37℃过夜诱导表达,SDS-PAGE 及Western-blotting分析结果表明,所表达的NDV V重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在,分子质量约28 ku,与理论值大小相符。将包涵体用8 mol／L脲变性,经Ni-NTA柱纯化,透析复性,得到纯化的V蛋白。用复性后的V蛋白免疫21日龄SPF鸡(300 μg／只),成功制备了抗鸡NDV V蛋白的抗血清。     

Rechtliche Absicherung von Dienstleistungen im allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Interesse in der österreichischen Rechtsordnung

Auf welche Weise Leistungen der Daseinsvorsorge gegenüber den Anforderungen des europäischen Binnenmarktes abgesichert werden können, ist bis dato kaum geklärt. Gerade im Lichte der jüngsten Entwicklungen, insbesondere im Bereich der Judikatur des Europäischen Gerichtshofes wird diesen Fragen in Hinkunft große Bedeutung zukommen. Im folgenden Beitrag soll der Versuch unternommen werden, die Probleme in der österreichischen Rechtsordnung einer eingehenderen Analyse zu unterziehen.     

《刑法修正案(七)》第13条之解读

《刑法修正案(七)》第13条的规定可以概括为两个罪名,即"密切关系人受贿罪"和"离职国家工作人员受贿罪"。"密切关系人"包括国家工作人员和离职国家工作人员的近亲属以及其他与之关系密切的人,其范围比"特定关系人"要广,除了近亲属、情妇(夫)和有共同利益的人之外,还可以是同学、老乡、同事、战友、朋友等。其实质在于,行为人基于与国家工作人员的这种关系,能够或者足以影响该国家工作人员或者其他国家工作人员,进而通过该国家工作人员或者其他国家工作人员职务上的行为,为请托人谋取利益,实现与请托人之间的权钱交易行为。由于近亲属等密切关系人和离职国家工作人员既可以构成受贿罪的共犯,也可以独立构成密切关系人受贿罪与离职国家工作人员受贿罪,因此,要将其与斡旋受贿、共同受贿等行为相区别。     

Soviet musicology and the ‘nationalities question’: the case of latvia

Nation branding, as a phenomenon, is attracting increasing scholarly attention. However, much of the existing literature has been written by those involved in the public relations industry themselves. There have been some studies which have been written from a critical viewpoint; however, the tensions of branding a nation have often been neglected. This paper aims to explore the inherent tensions between nation branding and nation building. To what extent is nation branding a tool or a practice? What images of the nation do branders seek to promote, and who is this image for? Is nation branding merely a more palatable version of nationalism? In particular this paper focuses on the debates surrounding the launch of Brand Estonia in 2001/2. Brand Estonia, with the slogan Welcome to Estonia: Positively Transforming, was launched to coincide with Estonia staging the Eurovision Song Contest in 2002. It is a unique and interesting case study given the level of controversy that the initiative generated amongst the Estonian public. Estonia was the first Former Soviet Republic to launch a nation branding project and, perhaps more controversially, it was managed by a British-based company, Interbrand. However, little scholarly attention has been paid to public-level discourses concerning Brand Estonia. The empirical findings discussed in this article highlight some of the more salient narratives on national identity that Brand Estonia engendered and therefore aims to fill this gap.     

In silico toxicity as a tool for harm reduction: A study of new psychoactive amphetamines and cathinones in the context of criminal science

The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has raised many issues in the context of law enforcement and public drug policies. In this scenario, interdisciplinary studies are crucial to the decision-making process in the field of criminal science. Unfortunately, information about how NPS affect people's health is lacking even though knowledge about the toxic potential of these substances is essential: the more information about these drugs, the greater the possibility of avoiding damage within the scope of a harm reduction policy. Traditional analytical methods may be inaccessible in the field of forensic science because they are relatively expensive and time-consuming. In this sense, less costly and faster in silico methodologies can be useful strategies. In this work, we submitted computer-calculated toxicity values of various amphetamines and cathinones to an unsupervised multivariate analysis, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and to the supervised techniques Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy and Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (SIMCA and PLS-DA) to evaluate how these two NPS groups behave. We studied how theoretical and experimental values are correlated by PLS regression. Although experimental data was available for a small amount of molecules, correlation values reproduced literature values. The in silico method efficiently provided information about the drugs. On the basis of our findings, the technical information presented here can be used in decision-making regarding harm reduction policies and help to fulfill the objectives of criminal science.     

Inducing corporate compliance: A compound corporate liability regime

Corporate liability regimes have two major social goals: (i) inducing corporations to internalize all social ramifications of their activity; and (ii) inducing corporations to prevent, deter, and report their employee misconduct. The scholarly polemic has shown that none of the liability regimes recognized thus far in the literature efficiently satisfies both social goals. Following a Law and Economics approach, this paper develops an innovative regime that may comprise an optimal corporate liability framework in most settings. The Compound Corporate Liability Regime developed in this paper is a two-layer strict liability regime. Under this regime, corporations that self-report their employee misconduct incur a sanction that is reduced by the variable enforcement costs saved due to their self-reporting. Such a liability framework aligns social and corporations’ interests, and thereby satisfies both social goals of corporate liability regimes.     

Bestandrechtliche Aussagen des VwGH iZm Befreiung von der Entrichtung von Rundfunkgebühren

Zur Ermittlung des der Gebührenbefreiung zugrunde zu legenden Nettoeinkommens, wenn der Miteigentümer behauptet, die Liegenschaft gemietet zu haben. Der fehlenden Vergebührung der Vertragsurkunde ist im Rahmen der Beweiswürdigung Bedeutung beizumessen.     

Ortsnamenregelungen aus völkerrechtlicher und aus europarechtlicher Sicht – unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Kärntner Ortstafelfrage

Ortsnamenfragen haben sich in vielen Staaten als politisch ?u?erst brisant erwiesen. Zur L?sung dieser Fragen stehen nunmehr einschl?gige v?lkerrechtliche und europarechtliche Standards zur Verfügung. Oft werden diese aber auch ignoriert und fehlinterpretiert. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, die Reichweite und Leistungsf?higkeit dieser Standards zu untersuchen. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Vertragspraxis in Bezug auf die Europ?ische Rahmenkonvention zum Schutz nationaler Minderheiten zu einer extensiven Auslegung der an und für sich sehr vorsichtig formulierten Ortsnamenbestimmungen in dieser Konvention geführt hat. In ?sterreich hat die – wenn auch dogmatisch umstrittene – Rechtsprechung des Verfassungsgerichtshofs in dieser Frage weitere minderheitenfreundliche Ma?st?be gesetzt. Wird die K?rntner Minderheitenproblematik in diesem Sinne gel?st, so würde dies ?sterreichs traditionell sehr gute Reputation im Minderheitenrecht weiter st?rken.