非法持有毒品罪若干问题研究

非法持有毒品罪是我国刑法规定的有关毒品犯罪的重要罪名。人们对非法‘特有”的内涵与外延、行为人认识错误的法律认定、非法持有毒品罪的数量标准、非法持有毒品罪的罪数形态、共同犯罪等问题研究的还不够深入。加强对这些问题的系统研究，可为司法实践提供一定的借鉴。     

李立三“左”倾错误的成因与红一方面军的抗争

20世纪30年代初李立三的“左”倾冒险错误，同共产国际的影响密切相关。共产国际和斯大林为李立三的“左”倾冒险错误提供了理论依据，后来又严厉批评了李立三的“左”倾冒险错误。红一方面军则由开始对李立三的“左”倾冒险行动持怀疑态度，进而抵制和在实际中纠正。在红一方面军中纠正李立三“左”倾错误上，毛泽东和总前委召开的罗坊会议起了最为关键的作用。     

关于刑事司法错误的理论动向：背景、现状及意旨

司法错误是反衬转型中国司法运行状态的重要指标之一。在司法转型的宏观背景下，随着理论界对西方法治国家的程序制度经验，尤其是国际刑事司法准则的引介，程序性违法及救济逐渐受到普遍关注，刑事程序法学界开始以程序正义为理论基石、以程序制度的完善为研究契机，较为广泛地探讨程序性司法错误的防控，但晚近关于司法错误的研究动向却表现出感性、凌杂以及西方中心主义等现状困境。鉴于此，未来的理论走向不仅应张扬刑事司法错误在透视实践、变革制度、深化理论等方面的研讨意义，同时反思进路应更为实证、系统与本土。     

A sudden death with lung embolism after inadvertent infusion of zinc oxide shake lotion

A 74-year old woman in postoperative treatment after a colonic surgery died immediately after perfusion of about 1.5 mL of a white emulsion which was believed to contain 1% propofol via cardiac catheter into the right atrium. It was strongly suspected that a syringe with a zinc oxide shake lotion (consisting of 20% ZnO, 20% talc, 25% glycerol and 35% water) which was intended for external treatment had been mistaken for the propofol syringe. During autopsy, an anatomic cause of death could not be found. In order to exclude an intoxication and to determine the significance of the perfusion fluid in this context, toxicological and histological investigations were performed. Propofol and other drugs applied to the patient were found in therapeutic or sub-therapeutic range. However, in comparison to a control case, the zinc concentrations determined by AAS were about 200 times higher in lung tissue, 10 times higher in heart blood and 3–4 times higher in kidney and liver tissue. No increase was seen in venous blood. Histology showed a strong embolism of the lung tissue with birefingent sharp-edged crystals, which were identified as the talcum, and an amorphous component (ZnO). The same embolism was seen to a medium extent also in the brain sections and to a low extent in heart, liver, pancreas and kidney. Pulmonary embolism by talcum and zinc oxide was established as the cause of death which occurred by syringe swap due to insufficient security precautions in the drug administration. The results are discussed in context of pulmonary microembolism cases frequently described for drug addicts after injection of crashed talcum containing tablets.     

非政府组织工作人员受贿问题研究

现代社会的发展和公共行政改革的深入,赋予了非政府组织在国家和社会事务管理活动中的重要地位,其工作人员利用职务之便,实施的收受财物为他人谋取利益的行为,具备受贿的性质。由于现行法律规制的缺漏,导致了理论和实践上的困惑。考察并借鉴国外有关受贿犯罪立法规定的合理之处,结合我国刑事司法实际的需要,建议增设以非政府组织工作人员为规制对象的受贿罪名,进一步完善受贿犯罪立法。     

医疗差错认定与Res Ipsa Loquitur

ＲｅｓＩｐｓａＬｏｑｕｉｔｕｒ是拉丁文的法律专业术语 ,在英美法系多用于处理民事纠纷已经有一百多年历史 ,在医疗差错的认定上常被应用。我国司法与医疗卫生工作者对医疗差错的认定多有争议 ,分析了解英美法系对ＲｅｓＩｐｓａＬｏｑｕｉｔｕｒ应用的历史、案例和有关学说 ,与我国的现行法律制度进行比较 ,相信会有所帮助。一、医疗差错与中国的相关法律近年来因医疗纠纷到法院起诉的损害赔偿案件越来越多[1] ,因而法庭将面对如何质证被告是否侵害原告身体并造成伤害 ,已经确认被告的行为是否有过错 ,是否与损害后果之间具有因果关系 ,…     

合规顾问在有效合规整改中的作用

律师作为涉案企业聘请的合规顾问,在协助企业合规整改中可以充当三种角色：一是检察机关启动合规考察程序的申请者,二是第三方组织监督考察的应对者,三是检察机关合规验收听证的答辩者。为帮助企业实现有效合规整改的目标,合规顾问应通过积极工作,满足检察机关启动合规考察程序的基本条件,针对涉案企业发生犯罪的内生性结构原因,对其治理结构、业务类型、经营方式、商业模式、企业文化等做出有针对性的调整,消除那些容易导致犯罪发生的因素。在此基础上,合规顾问可以根据企业的规模、业务范围、行业特 点、合规风险等情况,帮助企业建立一种体系化的专项合规计划,争取达到有效预防相关违法犯罪行为再次发生的效果。     

论客观性证据审查应用模式

构建客观性证据审查应用模式,在证明事实的刑事司法证明活动中,以客观性证据为审查重心,凭借其可靠的稳定性和关联性的证据特性,确证案件基础事实,并优先运用客观性证据进而引导全案证据审查判断形成梯次递进的结构性事实的证明体系,通过逐次验证各项犯罪事实要素来确证整个犯罪事实。客观性证据审查应用模式避免了以口供为主导的审查模式缺陷,具有发现证据上的矛盾和事实疑点的能力,在防止错案发生上有滤错功能。在司法实践中,应建立起保证模式发挥作用的机制和办法,确立适用规则,从制度上落实疑罪从无的司法原则。     

Error Rates,Likelihood Ratios,and Jury Evaluation of Forensic Evidence

Forensic examiners regularly testify in criminal cases, informing the jurors whether crime scene evidence likely came from a source. In this study, we examine the impact of providing jurors with testimony further qualified by error rates and likelihood ratios, for expert testimony concerning two forensic disciplines: commonly used fingerprint comparison evidence and a novel technique involving voice comparison. Our method involved surveying mock jurors in Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 897 laypeople) using written testimony and judicial instructions. Participants were more skeptical of voice analysis and generated fewer “guilty” decisions than for fingerprint analysis (B = 2.00, OR = 7.06, p = <0.000). We found that error rate information most strongly decreased “guilty” votes relative to no qualifying information for participants who heard fingerprint evidence (but not those that heard voice analysis evidence; B = −1.16, OR = 0.32, p = 0.007). We also found that error rates and conclusion types led to a greater decrease on “guilty” votes for fingerprint evidence than voice evidence (B = 1.44, OR = 4.23, p = 0.021). We conclude that these results suggest jurors adjust the weight placed on forensic evidence depending on their prior views about its reliability. Future research should develop testimony and judicial instructions that can better inform jurors of the strengths and limitations of forensic evidence.