MI Implementation in Juvenile Justice: A Case Report

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a communication style focused on enhancing clients’ own motivation towards change. In the justice system MI has evidence to support that it enhances communication and change behaviors in youth. As most MI training is designed for healthcare settings training and implementation of MI must be adapted to fit the juvenile justice model. This includes both rehabilitation and restorative justice. Here we describe the details that allowed one county small county in Pennsylvania to roll out MI training and initial skills review in less than 6 months. The case reviews the details of planning, trainings, and timing of activities. We then discuss what elements of those details fit into a greater implementation plan that may be applied elsewhere. Four key elements were instrumental to implementation: 1) appreciation of JPO time constraints, 2) cost containment 3) using blending to enhance JPO flexibility with MI use, and 4) policies that normalize use of MI. This outline may assist other courts in their own implementation efforts.     

“两抢”犯罪被害人实证研究

＂两抢＂即抢劫和抢夺,是近年来社会治安中多发性突出问题。据对菏泽、聊城、德州三市公安机关的调查,＂两抢＂案件占刑事案件的比重接近10%。其中,抢夺犯罪被害人主要是反抗能力较弱的单身女子和老年人;抢劫犯罪被害人主要是防范意识差、反抗能力弱、有钱财可抢的青壮年男性。两种犯罪皆具有结伙性、凶残性、系列性和作案地点的不确定性等突出特征。＂两抢＂犯罪的多发,既有社会综治机构和公安机关防控不力的问题,同时也与被害人自身的被害意识薄弱密切相关。因此,要最大限度减少＂两抢＂犯罪的发生,必须改革和深化社会治安综合治理措施,建立实体犯罪预防机构;强化公安机关的监控力度,建立和完善网络化的快速反应机制;加强被害教育,通过宣传、教育、警示、＂增责＂等措施,提高全民的防害意识,从而形成社会、公安和被害人＂一体化＂的＂两抢＂犯罪防控机制。     

TOWARDS GLOBAL SCHOLARSHIP IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS

One can imagine two futures for public administration, public management and public service around the world. A first would be what we see as a continuation of the status quo: with public administration essentially continuing as a series of national discourses, with perhaps a bit of cross‐fertilization, but with this characterized by a classic core‐periphery model. The preferable model, outlined in this paper, would see the development of an integrated community of scholars of public affairs. At least three hurdles need to be overcome to arrive at this integrated community. A first concerns the tension in the periphery between an epistemic nationalism and epistemic colonialism. The second hurdle to be overcome concerns the central role of the American literature in intellectual discourse in public administration. A third hurdle is more specific to public administration: what Canadian Iain Gow has referred to as public administration's profile, as ‘une science empirique par excellence’.     

越南改革中的社会公正和民生问题及其经验探析

社会与民生问题是越南改革的重点。20多年来，越南共产党和政府在促进社会的发展、保障与改善民生方面做了大量工作，取得了很大成绩。越南改革的成功是由诸方面的原因促成的，但其中最为明显的是越南共产党对社会与民生问题所采取的正确决策和遇到困难与障碍时的合理解决。     

Development and application of hydrogel oligonucleotide microchips for forensic-medical personal identification as illustrated by ABO locus

The article describes the method defining 5 alleles of ABO blood group typing system by molecular hybridization in hydrogel oligonucleotide microchip. The testing points were SNP variants in positions 261 and 297of exon 6 and in positions 646 and 657 of exon 7. Therefore, 5 ABO blood groups can be easily revealed: A, B, 0(1), 0(1v), 0(2). The method was tested on 10 DNA samples isolated from blood and saliva of unrelated individuals. The results were confirmed by sequencing of the identified allelic fragments. Estimation sensitivity was 25 pg of total DNA input. This technique is cost-effective and easy for use and, therefore, promising for forensic-medical personal identification.     

Optimization of the biological microchip for genotyping the AB0 locus: analytical aspects

The present work continues the search for methodological options facilitating the improvement and optimization of the biological microchip designed for genotyping the AB0 locus. It was shown in an earlier study designed to test a prototype biological microchip using a reference set of preparations with the known group specificity that under certain conditions some cells of the biochip appear to generate artifact hybridization signals that tend to make the results of genotyping either incorrect or difficult to interpret. We performed the correction of the molecular structure of DNA probes of the prototype biochip for the purpose of optimization of their hybridization potency. In addition, we developed and synthesized new DNA probes and designed new variants of the biochip. The experimental analysis of hybridization properties of all DNA probes thus obtained was carried out for the final choice of the most promising options suitable for the creation of the optimized biochip.     

Typing of ABO locus with biological microchip as a new level in solution of problems in forensic-medical biological expertise of material evidences

There are cases in practice when during expertise of material evidences, discrepancies between results of typing of ABO antigens and molecular-genetic typing of DNA occur. In this work, as a radical approach to objective solution of similar conflict situations, for some contradictory case of expertise, all examinations were performed on the unified methodological base--DNA level. Instead of biological (isoserological) typing of ABO antigen, molecular-genetic typing of ABO locus with biological microchip was performed. In all cases the results, received with the use of biological microchip, do not contradict but completely conform to the results of others molecular-genetic examinations performed in the case. Given results indicate irrationality of further use of traditional methods of isoserological typing of ABO antigen for primary differentiation of biological material. These analyses, if necessary, have to be performed on DNA level with molecular-genetic expertise.     

A “concrete” identification in a dismemberment case

Homicide perpetrators can use concrete as a means to conceal their victims. When concrete encasement is encountered in the forensic field, albeit rarely, it is often coupled with postmortem dismemberment. This method of obscuring the evidence presents unique investigative obstacles, specifically related to identification. Various approaches to obtaining fingerprints from decedents encased in concrete have been suggested and implemented over the years. The presented case is that of an initially unidentified 44-year-old male, who was subject to postmortem dismemberment and concrete encasement. Meticulous excavation techniques facilitated preservation of evidence and an anatomical reconstruction of the body. These techniques enabled inspection of the incision sites of the dismembered remains during the postmortem examination. Identifiable jewelry and tattoos were noted at autopsy. Further, the resulting concrete molds could be utilized to obtain fingerprints. These prints were used to ultimately identify the decedent.     

中国软件专利的现状和特点：基于软件发明的实证分析

由于软件专利比计算机著作权有更广泛的保护范围,软件的专利权保护成为一种新的趋势.目前对软件专利的研究主要基于法律、经济和创新管理三个学科的视角.