DNA双股螺旋结构与迅猛发展的法庭科学——纪念人类DNA双股螺旋结构发现50周年

自1953年Watson和Crick发表DNA双股螺旋结构,它为人类生命科学,尤其是法庭科学的发展带来了历史性的变化。法庭科学从个体识别和亲子鉴定的排除到认定,经历了DNA指纹图、AMP-FLP及SNP的3个阶段。同时线粒体DNA的应用也在广泛开展。另外数据库的建设和完善成为法庭科学的发展方向。总之,DNA双股螺旋结构对法庭科学革命性变化起了决定性的作用。     

Understanding economic abuse in the lives of survivors

Intimate partner violence (IPV) often includes economic abuse as one tactic commonly used by an abuser; unfortunately, there is a lack of empirical understanding of economic abuse. Additionally, research is limited on the predictors of economic self-sufficiency in the lives of women experiencing IPV. This paper furthers our knowledge about economic abuse and its relationship with economic self-sufficiency by presenting the results from an exploratory study with IPV survivors participating in a financial literacy program. Of the 120 individuals who participated in the first wave, 94% experienced some form of economic abuse, which also correlated highly with other forms of IPV. Seventy-nine percent experienced some form of economic control, 79% experienced economic exploitative behaviors, and 78% experienced employment sabotage. MANOVA results also indicated that economic control differed significantly based on education with those with a high school education experiencing higher rates than those with less than high school education or those with some college. Finally, results from the OLS regressions indicated that experiencing any form of economic abuse as well as economic control significantly predicted a decrease in economic self sufficiency. Implications suggest that advocates should assess for economic abuse when working with survivors and should be prepared to offer financial tools to increase survivors' economic self-sufficiency. Policymakers should understand the ramifications of economic abuse and create policies that support survivors and prohibit economic abuse. Finally, more research is needed to fully understand economic abuse and its impact on survivors and their economic self-sufficiency.     

工具理性与中国传统文化的现代化

构成西方现代性主要内涵的工具理性,促发了科学与技术的繁荣和昌盛。当前中国现代化最主要的也是最急需的就是科学与技术的大发展,这一点在文化层面上就表现为工具理性的缺失和弘扬,中国传统文化的现代化必须工具理性化。     

System intervention problems in child sexual abuse investigations: the mothers' perspectives

On learning that her child was sexually abused, a mother must interact with professionals charged with the implementation of investigations, treatment, and legal remedies. This qualitative study, based on data from three focus groups (n = 19) and open-ended survey questions (n = 40), documents mothers' experiences with these professionals. Mothers report a lack of support from many professionals including receiving poor services, being criticized, insensitivity to their concerns, and being accused of false allegations and state that they have difficulty seeing the "system" as a positive future resource. Mothers reported appreciation for helpful professionals, whom they most often identified as therapists. Determining which mothers are reporting system problems and the effect of negative maternal-system interactions on mother and child outcomes are recommended as follow-up research.     

浅论马丁·布伯的关系哲学——兼谈如何面对“文化冲突”

马丁·布伯在《我与你》中提出了人生与世界具有两重性：一是“为我们所用的世界”．一是“我们与之相遇的世界”．他用“我-它”公武称谓前者．用“我-你”公武称谓后者。他强调“我-你”关系的直接性、相互性和之间、相遇．并从“我-你”关系出发．重新去认知和理解世界。布怕的思想对于冷战后不同文化间越演越烈的冲突来说．仍有不可低估的现实意义。     

大学生关于同性恋群体态度的实证研究

研究旨在探讨大学生关于同性恋群体外显态度与内隐态度之间的联系与差异,为进一步改善同性恋生存现状奠定理论基础。研究采用问卷调查法对257名大学生进行外显态度的调查,采用内隐联想测验对内隐态度进行测验。结果显示大学生对于同性恋群体的态度在外显态度上表现得更为接纳,而在内隐态度方面人们较为排斥,即实际上人们对于这一群体仍持有负性态度。     

Sleep deprivation does not mimic alcohol intoxication on field sobriety testing

Previous research shows that sleep deprivation (SD) produces cognitive impairment similar to that caused by alcohol intoxication. Individual studies suggest that SD also causes deficits in motor skills that could be mistaken for intoxication. Consequently, SD often is used as a defense when an impaired driver is charged with driving while intoxicated. Twenty-nine adult subjects participated in two test sessions each, one after a full night's rest and the other after wakefulness of at least 24 h. Subjects consumed prescribed amounts of alcohol during each session. Law enforcement officers conducted field sobriety tests identical to those with which a driver would be assessed at roadside. Researchers also measured clinical responses of visual function and vital signs. The presence and number of validated impairment clues increase with increasing blood alcohol concentration but not with SD. Thus, SD does not affect motor skills in a manner that would lead an officer to conclude that the suspect is intoxicated, unless intoxication also is present.