真假之外——浅谈文学与虚构

"文学"这一全然晚近的词在诞生之初,便与虚构有着某种密切而又复杂的联系。这种联系并非现今大众观念中根深蒂固的"文学虚构即虚假"——将自然真实与文学艺术所含有的虚构进行简单化的二元对立——的观念,而是一个更加值得深思与探讨的话题。因此,可以通过探讨文学本质同虚构间的联系来摈弃精神锈斑,在粗略的真假对立之外,尝试追寻属于文学与虚构的另一种答案。     

煤矿一线员工过度劳动评价与影响因素 —— 基于四个省份十二个煤矿调查数据的分析

基于四个省份十二个煤矿一线员工的问卷调查数据，采用相关性分析和多元回归分析的方法， 从个人、家庭、企业、工作四方面，探究了我国煤矿一线员工过度劳动影响因素。研究发现：经济利益、自我发展、 家庭责任、不和谐的家庭关系、考核标准、薪酬制度、企业文化、工作量、工作要求、工作环境对煤矿一线员工 过度劳动的产生具有显著的正向影响，家庭支持对煤矿一线员工过度劳动的产生具有显著的负向影响。不同年龄、 不同工龄、不同收入的员工，过度劳动程度存在显著差异。年龄越大、工龄越长、收入越高的员工过劳程度更高。 总体上看，煤矿一线员工普遍存在过度劳动且较为严重。     

国家政治安全视角下境外非政府组织的管理路径

国家政治安全是国家安全的根本,处于国家安全体系中的至高层次和根本地位。境外非政府组织作为在境外成立的非营利、非政府社会组织,选择在开放的中国开展活动,对我国经济社会发展发挥了积极作用。但部分境外非政府组织来华活动动机不纯,企图传播西方政治理念,开展影响我国政治安全的活动。新时期,防治境外非政府组织在华活动,必须进一步完善在华境外非政府组织管理法律法规,把好"合法性准入"关,做好资金管控工作,健全监督管理协调机制,构建在华境外非政府组织完整信息数据库和大数据预测预警分析平台,最终实现在华境外非政府组织的规范化发展,确保国家政治安全。     

MI Implementation in Juvenile Justice: A Case Report

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a communication style focused on enhancing clients’ own motivation towards change. In the justice system MI has evidence to support that it enhances communication and change behaviors in youth. As most MI training is designed for healthcare settings training and implementation of MI must be adapted to fit the juvenile justice model. This includes both rehabilitation and restorative justice. Here we describe the details that allowed one county small county in Pennsylvania to roll out MI training and initial skills review in less than 6 months. The case reviews the details of planning, trainings, and timing of activities. We then discuss what elements of those details fit into a greater implementation plan that may be applied elsewhere. Four key elements were instrumental to implementation: 1) appreciation of JPO time constraints, 2) cost containment 3) using blending to enhance JPO flexibility with MI use, and 4) policies that normalize use of MI. This outline may assist other courts in their own implementation efforts.     

Sample Mining and Data Mining: Combined Real-Time and Retrospective Approaches for the Identification of Emerging Novel Psychoactive Substances

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are synthetic drugs that pose serious public health and safety concerns. A multitude of NPS have been identified in the United States, often implicated in forensic investigations. The most common and effective manner for identifying NPS is by use of mass spectrometry and the true utility lies within nontargeted acquisition techniques. During this study, a liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) assay was developed, validated, and implemented for forensic toxicology testing. A SCIEX TripleTOF™ 5600 + with SWATH^® acquisition was used. Resulting data were compared against an extensive library database containing more than 800 compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS assay was applied to the reanalysis of biological sample extracts to discover emergent NPS. More than 3,000 sample extracts were analyzed, and more than 20 emerging NPS were detected for the first time. Among these were isopropyl-U-47700, 3,4-methylenedioxy-U-47700, fluorofuranylfentanyl, N-methyl norfentanyl, 2F-deschloroketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-PHP, eutylone, and N-ethyl hexedrone.     

Prisons or Problem-Solving: Does the Public Support Specialty Courts?

ABSTRACT

Recently, “problem-solving” courts have been developed as an alternative to imprisonment. They are often called “specialty” courts because they process and divert into treatment programs offenders who are seen as different from the general criminal population, such as those with mental health or drug problems, those who are homeless or veterans, and those who engage in domestic violence. Based on a 2017 national survey of 1,000 respondents, the current study examines overall public support for rehabilitation as a goal of corrections and then focuses specifically on support for different types of specialty courts. The analysis reveals that the American public endorses not only the rehabilitative ideal but also the use of problem-solving courts. Further, with only minimal variation, strong support for these courts appears to exist regardless of political orientation and sociodemographic characteristics.     

大数据时代日本个人信息保护法探究

个人信息本来是极其隐私的事物,在大数据时代却时刻处于"裸奔"状态,时刻面临被侵犯的风险。特别在新冠肺炎疫情防控中,大数据技术发挥了重要作用,个人信息保护再次引起关注。整体而言,日本个人信息保护法以"个人优先"与"公共优先"的宗旨博弈为出发点,以"个人信息"的概念界定为基础,以个人信息权的保护为核心,以个人信息保护机构的独立设置为落脚点,为个人信息的保护奠定了基础。我国应当积极行动起来,尽快颁布《个人信息保护法》,助力大数据时代个人信息保护和数字经济的发展。     

Parenting and Centrality: The Role of Life Meaning as a Mediator for Parenting and Language Broker Role Identity

Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Language brokering is a prevalent phenomenon in ethnic minority immigrant populations. Although accruing evidence points to the beneficial impacts of healthy role...     

淮海战役中党的组织优势的成功实践

淮海战役胜利以来的70年,党情、国情、世情已经发生的较大的变化,看似时过境迁,但淮海战役中党的组织优势的成功实践,对于我们"继续发挥党的组织优势,激发全党的奋斗精神,以更好的状态、更实的作风团结带领全国各族人民奋力谱写新时代中国特色社会主义新篇章"[1]554仍具有十分重要的指导意义。本文系统梳理淮海战役中党的政治领导力、思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力等强大优势的成功实践,得出新时代条件下继续发挥党的组织优势、贯彻落实好党的十九大确定的重大决策部署的重要启示。     

Democracy's Pin Factory: Issue Specialization,the Division of Cognitive Labor,and Epistemic Performance

This article describes how issue specialization through deliberative institutions called “issue publics” can improve the quality of democratic decision making. Issue specialization improves decisions by instantiating a cognitive division of labor among the mass public, which creates efficiencies in decision making and grants large groups of average citizens a scalable advantage over small groups of even the smartest and most capable individuals. Issue specialization further improves decisions by capturing issue-specific information, concentrating it within the specialized deliberative enclaves of issue publics, and refining citizens’ issue preferences. These advantages are brought to bear in wider democratic politics and policy through information shortcuts and through the specialized electoral incentives of representatives. The article responds to concerns about political ignorance, polarization/partisanship, rent seeking, and socioeconomic bias and argues that issue specialization can provide a valuable brake to polarization yet needs institutional supplementation to engage marginalized citizens and combat bias.