浅析医疗纠纷鉴定中医疗单位过错的确定

医疗单位在诊疗中是否有过错,是医疗纠纷鉴定中的重要事项。在鉴定中,认定医疗单位是否存在过错,应从以下四个方面判断:医疗行为的复杂性、风险性、紧急性、规范性。     

侦查询问语言使用的要求和技巧

侦查询问语言是询问活动得以开展的重要工具 ,正确选择和运用询问语言 ,灵活运用语言的技巧 ,就可以把握询问的主动权 ,消除被询问人的各种心理障碍 ,促使证人和被害人如实陈述案件事实。侦查询问语言使用的要求技巧主要有 :寻找话题 ,拉近距离 ;正确引导 ,矫正心理 ;隐蔽意图 ,全面出击 ;主次兼顾 ,细节关联 ;深究细问 ,查明要素 ;揭露伪证 ,正言威慑等。     

Seeking or controlling the truth? An examination of courtroom questioning practices by Canadian lawyers*

ABSTRACT

The questioning practices of Canadian lawyers were examined. Courtroom examinations (N?=?91) were coded for the type of utterance, the assumed purpose of the utterance, and the length of utterance. Results showed that approximately one-fifth of all utterances were classified as productive for gathering reliable information (i.e. open-ended, probing); less than one percent of all utterances were open-ended. Direct examinations contained more closed yes/no, probing, and open-ended questions. Cross-examinations contained more leading and clarification questions, and opinions. Moreover, cross- (vs. direct) examinations contained more questions with a ‘challenging the witness’ purpose. The longest utterances were opinions, followed by multiple and forced-choice questions. The longest answers were in response to open-ended questions, followed by multiple and probing questions. Implications for the truth-seeking function of the judiciary are discussed.     

沿海十省（市）药品监管机构能力之比较研究

在构建社会主义和谐社会的当代中国,药品的安全性和有效性正日益引起人们的关注,而药品监管机构能力的建设与评估也开始成为社会监管领域的重要问题.通过回顾国内外已有的对政府能力概念和要素的研究,借用Nelissen的潜在能力和现实能力理论,结合世界银行2003年《世界发展报告》中对机构现实能力的要素分析和"行政储备"理论对机构潜在能力的要素分析,构建起药品监管机构能力的结构模型,并提出一套评估的指标体系.对数据进行标准化处理后,通过统计排序对沿海十省(市)药品监管机构能力进行评估和比较,进而利用最小二乘法(OLS)建立回归模型,分析潜在能力中的财力和人力因素对现实能力的贡献率.研究发现:地区财力对监管机构现实能力的影响较之人力因素要大,这在理论和实践中都可以得到证实;各地药品监管机构的潜在能力与现实能力之间存在较大差异,就那些现实机构能力较低的地区而言,现阶段有必要把工作重点放在医药企业生产经营行为的监管和农村地区医药监管基础设施的建设上;而对于潜在机构能力较低的地区来说,从"专业化、程序化和独立性"等方面提升机构整体的人力资源是当务之急.     

论我国行政处罚听证制度的不足及其完善

听证制度是行政程序法基本制度的核心。从司法执法实践可以看出,《行政处罚法》缺乏较为详细的配套性规定,尤其是一些重要的制度性建设欠明确与具体,及时总结以往听证工作的经验,完善行政处罚的听证程序已是一项紧迫任务。     

An Evaluation of the Use of Videotaped Evidence for Juvenile Witnesses in Criminal Courts in England and Wales

For the first time, the UK Criminal Justice Act (1991) allowed the videotaped evidence of a child to be substituted for the child's evidence-in-chief in a criminal court. The present study is an evaluation of that legislation. One hundred and fifty children were observed testifying in a criminal court in the UK. The use of the videotaped evidence and subsequent cross-examination of the child witness (usually via the closed circuit television system) was also observed. The data base from the Lord Chancellor's Department of all trials involving child witnesses in England and Wales was also analysed. The results showed that the introduction of the video technology into the criminal courts reduced the levels of stress of child witnesses but did not increase the conviction rates.     

The Effect of a Standard to Improve Person Descriptions by Children

This study examines whether or not using a person as a standard/comparison improves the ability of a child witness to provide more accurate detail about a previously observed person. Study participants included 135 children who observed a male stranger and were then later asked to describe and answer various questions about that person using a third-person standard/comparison. Despite the fact that one-half of participants were exposed to a standard/comparison, neither participants’ gender or exposure to the standard/comparison improved recollection outcomes. However, the gender of the standard/comparisons - especially where female - did have a significant effect on the recall ability of male participants.     

法院受理鉴定结论争议诉讼案的法律思考

司法鉴定中,包括医疗纠纷鉴定在内,当事人对鉴定结论不满意或者有争议的情况非常多见,对此,法律明确规定,如因对鉴定结论有异议向人民法院起诉的,人民法院不予受理。法律之所以这样规定,有着客观上的原因。法院受理了该类案件,最后又予以驳回,也有着自身的原因。为防止这一情况的再次发生,有必要加强公众法律知识的普及,加强法院办案人员的法律理论及职业道德教育。     

对犯罪动机概念的质疑——关于犯罪心理学基本理论问题的探讨

针对犯罪动机概念内涵不清、应用混乱的状况,文章对犯罪动机概念提出本质和界定方面的质疑。犯罪动机是犯罪行为发生、发展和完成的内部起因;预期的犯罪目的是犯罪动机的根本属性;犯罪动机不是犯罪行为的共同属性,而应该是犯罪心理学的通用概念;犯罪动机概念应修订为犯罪的动机,可划为犯因性动机、一般性动机、无意识动机和有意犯罪动机、模糊犯罪动机、无意犯罪动机两大类。     

我国民事诉讼中悬赏取证问题探讨

所谓悬赏取证，是指当事人为证明诉讼事实，以公开许诺奖励的方式，请求证人为其作证的举证形式。诉讼法理论界以及司法实务界针对悬赏取证问题出现了两种不同的观点，从两个典型案例出发，探讨悬赏取证出现的现实基础，是否具有合法性以及其证据效力；并且悬赏取证不等于收买证人，与收买证人是两种不同的概念。在此基础上，对悬赏取证的法律规制问题予以阐述，以期规范我国的取证方式。