Observer determination of the make,model, and year of questioned vehicles

Often, criminal acts involving a vehicle are caught on digital video surveillance systems. While potentially useful for an investigation, the recording conditions are typically less than optimal for the extraction of key information for the identification of the perpetrator, such as a license plate. Providing the make, model and year of a questioned vehicle is a common request for examiners, to narrow the field of potential suspect vehicles. This study seeks to compare the performance of a nonpeer-reviewed make, model, and year determination between two separate groups, specifically, trained forensic image examiners and nontrained individuals. Results show that even with varied image capture conditions and quality, the trained forensic image examiners more correctly and completely identified the test group of questioned vehicles make, model, and year.     

Psychopathy and Female Gender: Phenotypic Expression and Comorbidity; A Study Comparing a Sample of Women Hospitalized in Italy's Maximum Security Facility with Women Who were Criminally Sentenced and Imprisoned,

Various studies have shown that women with psychopathy tend to commit crimes that are less violent than those of psychopathic men. The present study was designed to address the influence of psychopathy on the crimes committed by female offenders. A national sample of female offenders found NGRI or of diminished responsibility and at risk for criminal recidivism (OPG patients) was compared with a sample of female offenders who were convicted and imprisoned. Results of this comparison between the two groups of female offenders indicate that psychopathy is a transversal psychopathological dimension which may or may not be associated with other mental disorders. In both samples, the most commonly reported offenses among women with high PCL‐R scores were minor offenses, not particularly violent, but they appear to be related to typical psychopathic features such as superficial charm, pathological lying, and manipulation.     

基层派出所视频侦查体系构建实证研究

视频侦查已成为公安机关重要的刑侦基础性工作。目前省、市、县、所四级公安视频侦查体系基本建成,而作为基层一线的“所级”视频侦查体系,实践中没有受到足够的重视。应强化派出所层级的视频侦查体系建设,同时,合理协调全社会视频监控系统建设的系统推进,以提升视频侦查工作实战效能。     

大数据时代日本个人信息保护法探究

个人信息本来是极其隐私的事物,在大数据时代却时刻处于"裸奔"状态,时刻面临被侵犯的风险。特别在新冠肺炎疫情防控中,大数据技术发挥了重要作用,个人信息保护再次引起关注。整体而言,日本个人信息保护法以"个人优先"与"公共优先"的宗旨博弈为出发点,以"个人信息"的概念界定为基础,以个人信息权的保护为核心,以个人信息保护机构的独立设置为落脚点,为个人信息的保护奠定了基础。我国应当积极行动起来,尽快颁布《个人信息保护法》,助力大数据时代个人信息保护和数字经济的发展。     

What do forensic analysts consider relevant to their decision making?

In response to research demonstrating that irrelevant contextual information can bias forensic science analyses, authorities have increasingly urged laboratories to limit analysts' access to irrelevant and potentially biasing information (Dror and Cole (2010) [3]; National Academy of Sciences (2009) [18]; President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (2016) [22]; UK Forensic Science Regulator (2015) [26]). However, a great challenge in implementing this reform is determining which information is task-relevant and which is task-irrelevant. In the current study, we surveyed 183 forensic analysts to examine what they consider relevant versus irrelevant in their forensic analyses. Results revealed that analysts generally do not regard information regarding the suspect or victim as essential to their analytic tasks. However, there was significant variability among analysts within and between disciplines. Findings suggest that forensic science disciplines need to agree on what they regard as task-relevant before context management procedures can be properly implemented. The lack of consensus about what is relevant information not only leaves room for biasing information, but also reveals foundational gaps in what analysts consider crucial in forensic decision making.     

法医学尸体检验职业防护指南(建议稿)

法医工作者的职业暴露风险极大,案件现场及尸体上的有毒有害物质、高致病性微生物以及利器、骨折等因素均可能给法医带来身心伤害甚至生命危险。随着经济社会发展,法医的工作环境已经较过去显著改善,但是针对个人防护的重视程度仍需提高。近年来公共卫生事件频发,给法医职业防护带来新的挑战,迫切需要借鉴生物安全领域的先进技术和防护理念,以满足新形势下法医工作的需要。本指南立足当前法医职业防护的实际需求,从暴露风险、防护分级、应急处置等角度阐述,希望能为制定法医职业防护相关标准提供参考,以指导法医工作者开展个人防护工作,为提升法医职业化水平和身心健康提供帮助。     

大鼠急性心肌缺血早期内皮素的免疫组化染色观察

目的　探讨实验性大鼠心肌缺血后内皮素在心肌组织内的表达变化。方法　运用免疫组化技术 (SABC法 ) ,对分别经过单纯缝线结扎、药物、脂质饮食预处理后结扎及假结扎处理的 5组 60只实验大鼠 ,在冠脉左前降支结扎后的不同时间点 ,观察心肌组织的内皮素表达情况。结果　阳性组各个分组的大鼠在心肌缺血早期均出现了内皮素的阳性表达 ,且经过预处理、存在慢性心肌缺血倾向的大鼠在更短的时间内出现了阳性染色 ;而假结扎对照组未见明显的阳性染色。结论　内皮素免疫组化检测可作为早期心肌缺血的病理诊断指标之一 ,并可为心性猝死 (SCD)的诊断提供形态学依据。     

我国法院招考制度评析与法官选任制度重建

在“凡进必考”的要求下,我国各级人民法院当前多已采用公务员考试模式招考“工作人员”。但无论从报考条件、考试内容,还是考试方式来看,这种招考制度都不能被认为是遴选法官的理想模式。重新审视法院招考制度,将法官的选任从目前普遍采用的招录法官助理、书记员甚至法警、法院行政人员的公务员考试中分离出来,疏通成熟法律人才进法官队伍的渠道,建立符合司法特质、体现法官独立要求的法官选任制度是我们的当务之急。     

检察机关提起民事诉讼若干问题研究

文章采用比较的方法 ,通过对国外有关检察机关参与民事诉讼立法规定的研究 ,从诉讼法理的角度 ,对检察机关提起民事诉讼的范围、方式 ;检察机关在民事诉讼中的法律地位 ,以及可否对检察机关进行反诉、调解等诸多问题进行了深入研讨     

论紊乱犯罪现场逆现性

紊乱犯罪现场是案犯犯罪行为的物化反映,储存着犯罪主体及相关事物的信息。感知能力强的勘查人员具有辩证思维能力,能把自己对客观环境认识的合理性输入到紊乱的特殊环境中,理出紊乱犯罪现场发生、发展的整个头绪。