QuEChERS-LC/MS快速检测兽用麻药“舒泰”

目的本文对兽药"舒泰"中有效成分进行了结构确证,并建立了生物检材中替来他明和唑拉西泮的快速检验方法。方法在血液和尿液的生物检材中,通过加标实验,经QuEChERS萃取后,进行LC/MS对替来他明和唑拉西泮的定性定量检测分析。结果在血液和尿液的生物样品的加标实验中,替来他明的RSD%在0.5%~3.5%,唑拉西泮的RSD在0.5%~1.1%;替来他明的回收率在75.8%~100.3%,唑拉西泮的回收率在68.8%~76.6%,其中血液中替来他明的方法检出限为0.16ng/mL,尿液中为0.20ng/mL,唑拉西泮在血液中的方法检出限0.17ng/mL,尿液中为0.22ng/mL。结论建立的QuEChERS萃取方法,操作流程简便,方法重现性好,只需100μL取样量,更适合于痕量生物检材中替来他明和唑拉西泮的检验分析。     

Voter perceptions of parties’ left–right positions: The role of party strategies

Left–right semantics help voters simplify the complex political reality as they reduce party views on a variety of issues to a single dimension. Less studied, however, is the question of how voters arrive at parties’ left–right positions and how parties can influence voter perceptions. In this article, I demonstrate that the party can shape the voter’s understanding of the content of its left–right ideology by using three strategies: avoidance, ambivalence, or ambiguity. Specifically, the party may avoid or de-emphasize, embrace a conflicting position, or becloud its position on the controversial issue; by so doing, it induces voters to place less weight on this issue when perceiving the party’s left–right position. The empirical analysis connects voter and party data from 21 European democracies in the period 1996–2014 and finds empirical support for the effectiveness of these strategies. In particular, the study finds robust empirical evidence that strategic avoidance, ambivalence, and ambiguity strongly moderate the association between the party’s perceived ideological brand and its underlying issue content.     

顶空固相微萃取气相色谱法快速检测尿液中氯胺酮

目的建立快速检测吸毒人员尿液中氯胺酮的顶空固相微萃取(HS/SPME)-GC/NPD的方法。方法样品瓶中加入尿液、氢氧化钠溶液、氯化钠,在95℃下加热搅拌,用聚二甲基硅氧烷SPME萃取头(100μm)顶空萃取20min,气相色谱氮磷检测器检测,外标法定量。结果尿液中氯胺酮浓度在0.2~20.0μg/ml范围内呈现线性关系(r2=0.9965),尿液添加1.0μg氯胺酮,平均回收率102.6%,RSD=3.39%(n=7),检测限1.13ng/ml(S/N=3)。结论建立的方法简单、快速、灵敏、准确,十分适合尿液等生物检材中氯胺酮的快速定性定量分析。     

尿中氯胺酮及其代谢物检测的研究

目的建立氯胺酮滥用者尿中氯胺酮及其代谢物检测方法。方法尿液用有机溶剂液-液萃取,气相色谱/氮磷检测器、电子捕获检测器、氢火焰检测器和气-质联用仪测定。结果确认了尿液中氯胺酮的主要代谢物,尿液中氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮的最小检测限均为2ng/mL,脱氢去甲氯胺酮的最小检测限为5ng/mL。结论所建方法快速、灵敏、准确,能够满足氯胺酮滥用者尿液检测的需要。     

GC／MS分析焚尸案中助燃剂残留成分检验1例

在纵火、杀人等刑事案件中,经常会遇到附着在各种不同载体上的油类斑痕物证,要求鉴别油迹的组成。对助燃剂的检验,通常需要进行汽油、柴油、煤油的鉴定。本文主要介绍一起杀人焚尸案中柴油残留成分的检验方法。1实验部分1.1试剂乙醚等试剂均为分析纯;柴油样品为市售。1.2样品提     

Analysis of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid samples using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

An analytical method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) has been developed and validated for the confirmation of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid samples. Oral fluid was extracted using Bond Elut LRC-Certify solid-phase extraction columns (10 cm³, 300 mg) and elution performed with n-hexane/ethyl acetate. Quantitation made use of the selected ion-recording mode (SIR) using the most abundant characteristic ion [THC + H⁺], m/z 315.31 and the fragment ion, m/z 193.13 for confirmation, and m/z 318.00 for the protonated internal standard, [d₃-THC + H⁺]. The method proved to be precise for THC, in terms of both intra-day and inter-day analyses, with coefficients of variation less than 10%, and the calculated extraction efficiencies for THC ranged from 76 to 83%. Calibration standards spiked with THC between 2 and 100 ng/mL showed a linear relationship (r² = 0.999). The method presented was applied to the oral fluid samples taken from the volunteers during the largest music event in Portugal, named Rock in Rio-Lisboa. Oral fluid was collected from 40 persons by expectoration and with Salivette^®. In 55% of the samples obtained by expectorating, THC was detected with concentration ranges from 1033 to 6552 ng/mL and in 45% of cases THC was detected at concentrations between 51 and 937 ng/mL. However, using Salivette^® collection, 26 of the 40 cases had an undetectable THC.     

血液中乌头碱、次乌头碱、新乌头碱的LC/MS/MS分析

目的　建立血液中乌头碱、次乌头碱、新乌头碱的LC/MS/MS分析方法。方法　用 1%三氯乙酸 乙腈萃取血液样品 ,采用电喷雾离子源 ,正离子MRM扫描。结果　本方法线性相关系数r≥ 0 992 2。最低检测浓度(LOQ ,S/N =5 )分别为乌头碱 2 0ng/ml ,次乌头碱 0 5ng/ml ,新乌头碱 0 5ng/ml。空白血添加回收率 91 2 5 %～10 3 1%,变异系数 (CV ,n =6) <10 93 %。结论　LC/MS/MS法灵敏可靠 ,样品处理快速简便 ,适用于血液中乌头碱、次乌头碱、新乌头碱的检测。     

血中氯胺酮的液液提取及GC／ECD检测

通过采用液液提取技术以安定为内标对血中氯胺酮进行检验研究,同时考查了各种因素对提取率的影响,表明血中氯胺酮的最佳提取条件是:在pH10.8的碱性条件下,用乙醚提取,回收率为85.5%,最小检出限可达35ng/mL,并通过中毒实验,对中毒兔的血检材进行了分析,证明该方法准确、灵敏、可用于氯胺酮吸毒的认定。     

中毒死者体内毒鼠强的GC/MS-SIM分析

一 1 9岁男子赌气吞服一白色粉末 ,1 0min后口鼻流血、抽搐 ,迅速送医院 ,经催吐、透析等方法治疗 5天后死亡。根据中毒症状和经验怀疑为毒鼠强中毒。用GC/NPD检验肝中毒鼠强有干扰。改用GC/MS -SIM法分析 ,心血、肝和胃组织中全部检出毒鼠强 ,浓度分别为 0 5 1 μg .mL- 1、0 4 5 μg .g- 1和 0 33μg .g- 1,和文献结果在同一水平。GC/MS -SIM对复杂检材中低含量毒鼠强测定具有更高的选择性 ,也具有较高的灵敏度 ,同时进一步证实毒鼠强排泄较慢 ,经过较长时间后在体内分布比较均匀     

How authoritarian rulers seek to legitimize repression: framing mass killings in Egypt and Uzbekistan

How do authoritarian rulers legitimate repressive actions against their own citizens? Although most research depicts repression and legitimation as opposed strategies of political rule, justified coercion against some groups may generate legitimacy in the eyes of other parts of the population. Building upon this suggested link between legitimation and repression, this article studies the justifications of mass killings. To this end, framing theory is combined with recent research on the domestic and international dimensions of authoritarian rule. We contend that frames are directed towards specific audiences at home and abroad. Moreover, given the common threats at the global level and the diffusion of repressive tactics, we assume that learning processes influence discursive justifications of repression in authoritarian regimes. We provide an analysis of government rhetoric by comparing the protest crackdowns of Rabi’a ‘Adawiya Square in Egypt and Fergana Valley in Uzbekistan, taking into account the audiences and the sources of the frames that justify repression. In both cases, we find the terrorism frame to emerge as dominant.