园林有害生物化学防治的冷思考

针对当前国内植物保护各领域,尤其是园林绿化植物保护在化学防治中存在的主要问题,理性地审视化学防治的功能定位和利弊,辨析一些模糊概念,从技术层面求得对农药使用规范化的认知和认同.     

生物检材中有机磷农药的检验概述

从有机磷农药的性质、生物检材中有机磷农药的提取净化和分析检测等方面概述了生物检材中有机磷农药的检验研究现状。     

宣木瓜中重金属、农药残留及黄曲霉毒素的测定

目的考察宣木瓜药食安全性,为其质量控制提供依据。方法采用石墨炉原子光谱法、火焰原子光谱法以及原子荧光法,检测8批宣木瓜样品中铅、镉、铜、砷和汞的含量;采用气相色谱法检测相同样品中有机氯、菊酯类和有机磷农药残留;利用免疫亲和层析柱净化-超高效液相色谱法检测自然条件下贮藏1~2年的宣木瓜样品中黄曲霉毒素含量。结果采集的8批宣木瓜样品铅、镉、铜、砷和汞含量均未超出规定限量;有机氯、有机磷和除虫菊酯类农药残留量均在检测限以下,未能被检出;贮藏的6批宣木瓜样品黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2总量均在检测限以下,未能被检出。结论来源于主产区的宣木瓜在重金属、农药残留及黄曲霉毒素的检查项目上均合格,呈现良好的药食安全性品质。     

无农药污染防治病虫害技术在城市园林中的应用

用生物农药逐步替代化学农药是城市园林绿化的发展方向。从天坛公园无农药污染防治病虫害的6项重点工作中总结出的经验具有明显的社会、生态和经济效益,对全国城市园林绿化具有广泛的应用前景。     

The Measurement of Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios of Eight Methamidophos Samples

Between December 2007 and January 2008, people suffered from food poisoning in the Japanese prefectures of Chiba and Hyogo after eating frozen dumplings (gyoza) produced in China, which had very high concentrations (1490–19,290 ppm) of methamidophos (O,S‐dimethyl phosphoramidothioate). Thus, we measured the stable carbon isotope ratio of methamidophos using GC/C/IRMS to identify the source. We analyzed seven methamidophos reagents and one Chinese agricultural methamidophos chemical (MTD600) that contained many impurities. The δ¹³C values of the seven methamidophos reagents and MTD600 ranged from ?49.23‰ to ?31.90‰, with an average SD of 0.20‰, very high precision. This difference (17.33‰) was very large compared with that in previous reports and may be attributable to the material itself and the chemical processing of methamidophos. Criminals can easily obtain pesticides such as methamidophos; therefore, it is very important to identify the pesticide source and distribution route using stable isotopic science in the future.     

血液中64种常见有机氯菊酯类农药的快速筛查

目的建立人体血浆中64种有机氯菊酯类农药多残留的气相色谱（GC）快速筛查分析方法。方法空白人体静脉抗凝血用乙腈沉淀蛋白,乙酸乙酯∶环己烷（v/v,3∶1）进行液液萃取净化,使用HP-5色谱柱,采用气相色谱进行定性、定量分析。对方法进行优化并进行方法学评价。结果 64种农药在0.001~0.1μg/mL范围内线性关系均良好,相关系数在0.990 1~0.999 9之间。检出限在0.001~0.15μg/mL范围内,方法定量限在0.001~0.5μg/mL之间,回收率总体于80%~110%之间,相对标准偏差小于15%,方法检出限总体于0.01μg/mL以下,日内精密度在1.5%~11.5%之间,日间精密度在2.9%~13.9%之间。结论本文建立的人体血浆的农药多残留快速筛查测定法,符合农药残留分析方法的要求,可在相关研究和实践中选用。     

The Identification of Spiromesifen,a Recently Introduced Pesticide,Using Approaches to Chemical Unknown Analysis

An unknown, viscous, opaque, white liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor was submitted with a request for identification. It was analyzed using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found to contain glycerin as well as another compound. IR and mass spectral data were readily obtained for this second component, but it was not easily identified as common instrument libraries had no matching spectra. After an extensive literature search, the unknown compound was identified as spiromesifen, a recently introduced pesticide. The IR spectrum and electron impact mass spectrum of spiromesifen are presented here as these are not available in the published literature. This case report also provides useful approaches for searching for and identifying an unknown compound when it is not found in a laboratory's spectral libraries.     

固相吸附-GC／MS法检验鱼塘水中农药氰戊菊酯

目的建立鱼类中毒案件鱼塘水中微量农药的分析方法。方法取一定量的吸附剂GDX-403，加入到取出的一定量的鱼塘水中，经振荡吸附，分离出GDX-403，取有机溶剂解析、浓缩，进行GC／MS检验。结果回收率达90％，相对偏差59／5，1000mL水中农药氰戊菊酯检测限浓度在0．2ppb左右。结论该方法操作简便，准确、灵敏度高、可靠性好，可以进行实战推广。     

利用Q-TOFLC/MS建立二级谱图数据库快速检测90种农药的初步研究

目的建立90种农药的数据库（含二级谱图）,以达到快速筛选检验该范围内的未知样品目的。方法优化一种Q-TOF LC/MS分析条件,将90种农药分别依次进行Q-TOF LC/MS-MS二级谱图分析,利用PCDL软件建立数据库。并同时实验了血样中10种不同浓度农药（100ng/mL、500ng/mL）的添加实验,对建库方法进行了验证。结果阳性识别率在80%以上。结论本方法简便灵敏、快速实用。     

白鹃梅嫩叶及花序中重金属和农药残留检测

目的 对白鹃梅嫩叶及花序的重金属和农药残留量进行测定,为白鹃梅嫩叶及花序的进一步开发利用提供参考.方法 运用原子吸收分光光度法、原子荧光光度计法和气相色谱法测定白鹃梅嫩叶及花序中重金属和农药残留的含量.结果测得直接晒干的白鹃梅嫩叶及花序中砷、铅、铜的含量分别为0.147 1、3.399 7、0.187 4 mg/kg,...