Adolescents' Perceptions of the Relevance of Domains of Identity Formation: A South African Cross-Cultural Study

This study investigated South African Afrikaans-, English-, and Xhosa-speaking secondary school adolescents' (N = 1217) perceptions of the relative importance of identity-related domains. For this purpose a structured questionnaire consisting of 14 domain-specific items was used. Most of the domains were regarded as very important or fairly important by a significant majority of participants. Four domains were regarded as very important by more than 70% of the total research group, namely, future career, moral values, family relationships, and religious matters. Political and sexual matters were regarded as of least importance. Intercultural differences were evident in most domains. Significant gender differences were also found. Relatively more females than males reported a high priority to domains such as future career, moral values, friendships with same sex peers, gender role, and community matters. The male participants regarded relationships with the opposite sex and sexual matters as more important than the females did. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of carefully considering the domains included in future research on identity formation, depending on variables such as socioeconomic and sociocultural characteristics of the specific research groups to be included in the investigation.     

城中村社会保障机制构建的路径选择——基于制度关联视角的分析

城乡统筹背景下的城中村社会保障是城市化进程中值得关注的问题,制度间的失衡与悖论是城中村社会保障机制的构建和社会关系的有序与和谐的制度性障碍。本文通过制度关联这一理论工具,在总结目前城中村社会保障机制类型的基础上,认为整体联动的、渐进式的、强致性和诱致性相结合的路径符合我国建立城中村社会保障的实际,为失地农民社会保障提供政策向导。     

认知语境的建构与英语阅读理解

认知语境观揭示语义推理的认知心理依据和心理状态，语篇理解是一个”认知一推理”的动态化过程。认知语境及其在此基础上的预设在语篇处理中占有十分重要的地位，它揭示了语篇理解的认知心理依据，解释并制约着语言的表达与理解。本文从认知角度分析认知语境在阅读教学中的作用，从而指出在阅读教学中，教师应该引导学生运用正确的预设，建构合适的语境，提高学生的阅读能力和阅读速度。     

我国刑法中“其他”用语之探究

刑法中的“其他”用语体现了以简驭繁的立法技术，具有周延性与相关性的双重品格。其周延性使静态的刑法规范具有了较强的灵活性与适应性而有助于维护刑法的安定性；其相关性保证了刑法规范内容的特定性与明确性而有利于实现刑法的合目的性。其相关性、周延性分别与现代罪刑法定原则的人权保障、社会保护双重机能相顺应，而且与现代法治国的双重性格并行不悖。     

Are inputs sometimes outcomes? Some thoughts on definition in distributive justice

This paper argues that the central concepts of justice theory (e.g., inputs and outcomes) have not been well defined and that this lack of precision in definition has led to subsequent ostensible inconsistencies in empirical findings. We offer definitions of both inputs and outcomes in a manner that facilitates more formal theoretical formulations and specifies a functional relationship between the two. In addition, the concept of relevance is discussed. This discussion highlights the difference in determinations of what is relevant to an outcome and the moral desirability of the distribution rule producing those outcomes. We suggest that the perception of what is relevant to the production of an outcome and how much it should be weighted is a source of potential conflict and/or disagreement between groups who are allocators or recipients of resource distributions. The potential disjuncture between what is considered relevant and what is considered moral in terms of allocation decisions is a potential source of dissatisfaction and feelings of injustice across groups. The discussion also suggests that it is not simply a difference in rule preference across groups that may lead to negative feelings regarding allocations but even when groups agree on the rule they may not agree on either the factors to be included in the assessment of relevance or on the morality of the distribution resulting from such assessments. Finally we introduce the concept of exchange domain as a mechanism for facilitating theoretical development.     

Why We Need Postmortem Analysis of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

The prevalence of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) is increasing. However, postmortem analysis of CIEDs is not performed routinely. Fourteen consecutive CIEDs were analyzed. The indication for and date of implantation, technical data, CIED reprogramming, heart rhythm disturbances, patient demographics and medical consultations were investigated. Death during the first year after implantation was seen in 54%, whereof 71% consulted a physician within 10 days before death. The time of death was attributed to a particular day in 29%. There was a relationship between CIEDs and cause/manner of death in 50%. Although limited by a small sample size, this study advocates the routine postmortem CIED analysis for forensic and clinical purposes in selected cases. Patients with CIEDs seem to show an increased risk of death during the first year after implantation. The analysis of CIEDs can be helpful in evaluating the time/cause/manner of death.     

Drug Contamination of U.S. Paper Currency and Forensic Relevance of Canine Alert to Paper Currency: A Critical Review of the Scientific Literature

Several studies have reported on wide‐spread contamination of U.S. paper currency with cocaine and to a lesser extent other illicit drugs. Canines are trained and employed to search for and alert to drugs. Canine alert to currency has been used as evidence that currency has been directly involved in illicit drug trafficking to justify currency seizure and forfeiture. This assertion, particularly when the only evidence is based upon canine alert, has been challenged in the courts considering that most currency in circulation is contaminated with cocaine. Comprehensive review of the scientific literature establishes that (i) 67–100% of circulated U.S. currency is contaminated with cocaine ranging from a few nanograms to over one milligram/bill (ii) various biological and environmental parameters impact canine alert to drugs. It is concluded that canine alert to U.S. currency is not sufficiently reliable to determine that currency was directly used in an illicit drug transaction.     

从客观性到相关性：中国证据法学四十年回顾与展望

改革开放四十年来,证据“客观说”长期影响着我国证据法学的发展,不仅造成了我国证据法学理论体系和证据制度的不健全,而且给司法实践带来严重后果。自1996年以来,随着证据“客观说”自身谬误的凸显、疑罪从无原则和证据裁判原则的确立、以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革、英美证据理论在我国的影响力日益增大及证据法学学科建设取得的显著进步,我国证据法学出现了从执迷于证据“客观说”到接受证据相关性规则的转型趋势。为实现彻底转型,应通过立法和指导性案例明确相关性的定义及内涵,指引司法实践和学术研究;以相关性为逻辑主线,构建体系化的证据规则和证据理论。     

美与生态健康在语境性审美体验中的整合——以伊顿的审美理论为讨论中心

借鉴生态学知识与原理来重新解释审美活动及其一系列关键词是生态美学建构的重要组成部分,针对生态危机这个时代语境来重释"美"的要点则是解释它与"生态健康"的内在关联,其理论难点是将认识性的、不可感知的"生态健康"内容有机地融合到审美体验之中,从而建构出有别于传统之"美"的"生态健康之美",进而将传统的审美体验转化为生态审美...     

论欧洲人权法院的非法证据排除

欧洲人权法院对于非法证据的处理与英美法系国家迥然不同。欧洲人权法院并没有就如何排除非法证据制定系列指导性的纲要，而是采取个案中具体考量的办法，重点考察公权力人员的非法取证行为是否给整个诉讼程序造成不公，以及获取证据与案件关联性的有无及强弱，在此基础上决定证据排除与否。