白竭散治疗肛周脓肿合并糖尿病术后创面22例

目的 观察白竭散治疗肛周脓肿合并糖尿病术后创面的疗效。方法 将44例肛周脓肿合并糖尿病的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组各22例。两组病例常规给予降糖和抗感染治疗，治疗组术后创面用白竭散换药，对照组予凡士林纱条换药。分别观察两组病例术后７、14 d创面疼痛程度、渗液情况、创面愈合率、成纤维细胞数量。结果 两组病例术后７ d创面疼痛程度、渗液情况比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），创面愈合率、成纤维细胞数量比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；术后14 d创面疼痛程度、渗液情况比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），创面愈合率、成纤维细胞数量比较，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 白竭散治疗肛周脓肿合并糖尿病的术后创面，早期能减轻疼痛、减少渗液，后期有促进创面愈合的作用。     

芙蓉膏外敷治疗深部脓肿临床研究

目的:观察芙蓉膏外敷治疗深部脓肿的临床疗效及其毒性和不良反应.方法:将191例深部脓肿患者随机分为研究组(116例)和对照组(75例).研究组给予病灶处芙蓉膏外敷,每日更换1次,疗程1周.对照组给予病灶处金黄散外敷,用法和疗程均同芙蓉膏.1周后,记录两组患者局部疼痛缓解、发热消退、血象恢复、肿块消散情况;分别评价两组总体疗效和单病种疗效;同时观察两组局部、全身毒性和不良反应.结果:两组发热消退率、血象复常率比较,差别无显著性;但研究组疼痛缓解率、肿块消散率显著高于对照组(P<0.01).研究组临床总有效率显著优于对照组(P<0.05).两组单病种阑尾周围脓肿、肌肉脓肿和术后腹部脓肿总有效率比较,差异无显著性.两组局部、全身毒性和不良反应发生率均较低,差异均无显著性(P>0.05).结论:芙蓉膏外敷治疗深部脓肿具有良好的临床疗效,无明显局部、全身毒性和不良反应发生.     

情绪工作研究的理论综述

情绪工作是近20多年来西方组织行为学研究中一个新兴的研究领域。文章主要介绍了情绪工作的概念,情绪工作的维度与测量工具、情绪工作的影响因素,并进一步分析了情绪工作的未来研究趋向,以期为深入研究情绪工作提供理论基础。     

基于角膜图像的人体死亡时间推断模型初探

目的尸体角膜随死后时间延长发生的形态学变化是规律性较好的指标,常用来判断死亡时间(postmortem interval,PMI)。本文尝试用机器视觉代替人的肉眼主观判断,收集尸体样本以建立通过人体角膜图像推断PMI的模型。方法收集实际案例建立包含505例人体死后角膜图像的数据库,PMI范围为0.24h(约死后14min)至492h(约死后20.5d),大致分为三类(依次为:0~<6h、6~<20h、20h及以上)或二类(0~<15h、15h及以上);使用由华盛顿大学陈天奇博士提出的Xgboost模型分别进行二分类与三分类分析;使用多种卷积神经网络模型分别进行分类和回归学习,并通过比较最终选择了由微软研究院提出的ResNet模型进行分析。结果Xgboost在三分类时预测准确率依次为71.8%、40.7%、65.7%,二分类时为90%、48.5%。ResNet分类模型中,精准率、召回率在三分类时分别依次为:81%、75%,30%、50%,61%、71%,二分类时为:70%、92%,76%、38%。ResNet回归模型中,比较整个模型的预测结果,0~6h内的预测值与真实值较为接近,均值误差为0.5616,均方误差为0.5873,6h之后开始出现较大误差。结论分类和回归模型都在0~6h之内得到了很好的结果,说明在此时间段内,角膜图像噪声较低,可预测性强。     

维特根斯坦的语法论

“语法”是维特根斯坦语言哲学中的一个重要概念。在大多数场合下,他是从“语法”一词的广义上,即从“哲学语法”这种意义上使用这一概念的。就是说,在他那里,这个概念具有形而上学的含义。不过,又与传统意义上的形而上学不同,维特根斯坦认为世界和语言是不能分离的,他的形而上学是描述的形而上学。维特根斯坦还首先提出了表层语法与深层语法的区分,指出表层语法是显现于语言表面的语法,深层语法是对出现于语言实际运用中的语言形式所作的内在分析。他认为传统形而上学之所以产生是因为人们不了解日常语言游戏的多样性,依据语言的表面现象错误地以为不同的词似乎具有相同的作用。     

重说真理的普遍性与价值的普世性

普遍真理与普世伦理的根据都只能在人那里寻找,前者着眼于人的话语形式的普遍性,后者立足于人性中的普遍性情感要求。但是,多样性、差异性就是生活本身,探求多样中是否存在某种一致、差异是否可能达成某种统一尽管是哲学追问的不懈动力,但实际上这种"一致"、"统一"可能只是经验性的假设前提。     

Can whale-fall studies inform human forensics?

Experimental knowledge of human body decomposition in the deep ocean is very limited, partly due to the logistical challenges of deep-sea research. The literature on ecological responses to the arrival of naturally sunk and implanted whale carcasses on the seafloor represents a potential source of information relevant to questions of human body survival and recovery in the deep ocean. Whale falls trigger the formation of complex, localized, and dense biological communities that have become a point of interest for marine biologists for the past 2–3 decades. Researchers have documented whale falls by whale type, size, geographic location, water depth and water chemistry, and there have been some comparative analyses of decomposition rates and faunal presence on carcasses. We undertook a review and meta-analysis of the whale-fall literature to identify and statistically model trends relevant to human forensics. Results from studies using deep-sea cameras baited with pig carcasses and simulated carrion provided further validation of noted trends. The stages of whale carcass decomposition most relevant to human forensics are those characterised by mobile scavengers that strip the soft tissues from carcasses, and to a lesser degree, other biota that degrade skeletal material. Our statistical models used the number of faunal taxa attracted to the whale carcasses as a measure of the ecological response and the potential rate of decomposition. Negative binomial models identified significant influences of carcass age and dissolved oxygen concentration on the ecological response (taxon numbers). The strongest environmental effects were identified in data from experimental studies that implanted whale carcasses across a broad range of dissolved-oxygen conditions. We propose directions for further experimental research to refine models of environmental controls on decomposition in the deep sea. Our results also highlight the potential use of publicly available global databases on environmental conditions in the deep ocean for informing body scavenging activity and thus body survival. Applying a forensic lens to whale-fall studies provides a window into an otherwise unseen world from the standpoint of human forensic taphonomy.     

基于深度卷积神经网络的语音降噪研究

目的为了提高实际工作中获取到的音频资料中语音的质量,降低噪声对语音质量及可懂度的影响,提出了一种基于深度卷积神经网络的语音降噪模型。方法该模型通过卷积、加偏置、批量归一化、Relu激活的多层循环结构,能够有效地对低信噪比条件下语音中的洗衣机噪声、鼓掌噪声、汽车内部噪声等多种常见的环境噪声进行降噪处理。结果最终含噪语音经过模型处理后的MOS评分达到3.91分,其中最高分4.05分,最低分3.81分。结论该模型能够切实提高含噪语音的质量及可懂度,对于实际的公安工作、智慧警务建设、语音分析、语音文本识别等具有重要的意义和价值。     

From porn to cybersecurity passing by copyright: How mass surveillance technologies are gaining legitimacy … The case of deep packet inspection technologies

Recent coverage in the press regarding large-scale passive pervasive network monitoring by various state and government agencies has increased interest in both the legal and technical issues surrounding such operations. The monitoring may take the form of which systems (and thus potentially which people) are communicating with which other systems, commonly referred to as the metadata for a communication, or it may go further and look into the content of the traffic being exchanged over the network. In particular the monitoring may rely upon the implementation of Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) technologies. These technologies are able to make anything that happens on a network visible and recordable. While in practice the sheer volume of traffic passing through a DPI system may make it impractical to record all network data, if the system systematically records certain types of traffic, or looks for specific patterns in all traffic, the privacy concerns are highly significant. The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to show that despite the increasing public awareness in relation to the capabilities of Internet service providers (ISPs), a cross-field and comparative examination shows that DPI technologies are in fact progressively gaining legal legitimacy; second to stress the need to rethink the relationship between data protection law and the right to private life, as enshrined in Article 8 of the European Convention on human rights and Article 7 of the European Charter of fundamental rights, in order to adequately confine DPI practices. As a result, it will also appear that the principle of technical neutrality underlying ISP's liability exemptions is misleading.     

价值取向是地方政府绩效评估的深层结构

价值取向是地方政府绩效评估体系和绩效评估行为的深层结构 ,是地方政府绩效评估之魂。它对于稳定和变革地方政府绩效评估体系 ,引导和调整地方政府绩效评估行为具有十分重要的作用。建立地方政府绩效评估指标体系时 ,应正确把握评估价值取向变化的方向 ,科学整合评估价值取向 ,根据新的评估价值取向体系建立、调整和整合评估指标体系。