论建立我国非法证据排除规则

在刑事诉讼过程中如何取舍和运用刑事非法证据 ,涉及到非法证据的效力问题。两大法系中很多国家建立了非法证据排除规则。我国立法对于非法证据效力的态度不甚明确 ,因此必须完善有关立法 ,制定配套制度 ,建立我国的非法证据排除规则     

建设工程合同的主体资格

建设工程合同有效成立的主体要件,不仅要考察当事人的一般行为能力,而且要特别注重对当事人特殊行为能力的考察。发包人的主体资格主要是其行为能力问题。发包人未依法取得从事房地产开发经营营业执照、缺乏相关的行政许可和民事权利应认定为无效合同。房地产开发企业缺乏资质或超越资质等级进行房地产项目开发经营未必导致建设工程合同必然无效。未申领施工许可证与建设工程合同的效力不存在必然的联系。承包人不具备法人资格或者超出核准登记的经营范围从事建设活动是导致建设工程合同无效的原因。     

网络平台个人信息处理格式条款的效力认定

近年来,以网络平台隐私政策中个人信息处理格式条款为诱因的侵权案件频发,引起学界的广泛关注。消解个人信息处理格式条款与知情权、解释权、被遗忘权、脱离自动化决策权保护冲突的关键是,对格式条款进行类型化处理,分别进行效力认定。网络平台未尽到提示说明义务,致使信息主体没有注意或者理解与其有重大利害关系的条款的,格式条款不应成为合同内容;格式条款显失公平的,信息主体可以请求法院予以撤销;格式条款符合我国《民法典》第497条规定之情形的,应认定为无效;“主要权利”的认定,在考虑合同内容的同时,应奉行合同性质决定论;以“理性人”构建网络平台的解释义务标准,力争在保障网络平台健康发展的同时,切实维护信息主体的个人信息权。     

Building policy scales from manifesto data: A referential content validity approach

Researchers using scales based on MRG/CMP/MARPOR's manifesto dataset face a bewildering array of different scales. The validation of these scales has tended to focus on external, convergent validity. The actual content of these scales has received less attention and the choice of the manifesto components which make up these scales has often been conducted by either opaque or questionable methods. This article develops a critique of existing methods of component selection and proposes a new method of component selection based on the covariance of components with ‘naïve’ provisional scales, which are refined in an iterative process. It uses this method to construct a set of comparable one (general left–right) and two (economic and social) dimensional scales – filling a gap in the existing body of scales that will allow researchers to compare dimensionality across models without inadvertently comparing different assumptions that underlie the construction of the scales.     

The Research On the Juristic Acts System of The General Principles of Civil Law

The theory of juristic acts is the core content of the General Principles of Civil Code, and the perfection of the legal norms is one of the main tasks of the General Principles of Civil Code of PRC. Based on the theory of juristic acts, this paper gave a detailed review of all the legal norms about juristic acts in the new General Principles of Civil Code of PRC. The author believes that the General Principles of Civil law of PRC have made great progress in the definition of juristic act, the basic values behind it, the implementation and effectiveness of the declaration of intention, and the validity system of juristic acts. At the same time, the article also pointed out that this General Principles of Civil Code still needs second consideration or perfection in this field, including the selection of terminology, the effect of persons with limited capacity of juristic acts, the rules about the error in the declaration of intention, the adoption of rules aboutunilateral false declaration of intention, the optimization of the validity system of invalid juristic acts etc. This paper put forward a series of concrete and practical perfection plans, looking forward to be useful for further improvement of the General Principles and the codification of other parts of the civil law.     

关于我国婚约制度的立法思考

我国现行法律对婚约的态度是不提倡不禁止 ,但实际生活中却出现了问题 ,急需规范。因此 ,我们应当结合传统 ,借鉴国外立法经验 ,尽快建立现代意义上的婚约制度。     

Conceptualising and measuring ‘centrism’ correctly on the Left–Right scale (RILE) - without systematic bias. A general response by MARPOR

The purpose of this response is to point out that claims of undue centrism in the MARPOR data are directly contradicted by its use to correct centrism in other leading policy measures including expert surveys.     

私人侦探社的生存发展以及若干法律问题探究

近年来,最早出现于西方的私人侦探社在国内一些地区也相继出现。私人侦探社的存在,说明了一种社会需求,但在缺少法律依据的情况下,其所从事的某些业务具有违法性。同时,由于从业人员缺乏专业资质、存在不规范操作以及缺少监督制约等原因,加上利益的驱使,很容易滋生或引发违法犯罪活动。因此,必须明确私人侦探社的法律地位,研究其所涉及的相关法律问题,并落实相应的监管措施。     

Courts' misplaced confidence in psychiatric diagnoses

In considering psychiatric evidence, criminal justice systems make considerable use of labels from official psychiatric classificatory systems. There are legislated requirements for psychological and/or behavioural phenomena to be addressed in legal tests, however medico-legal use of the current categorical diagnostic frameworks which are increasingly complex is difficult to justify. The lack of validity in large domains of the present classificatory systems is now more openly acknowledged, prompting a critical rethink. Illustrative examples include post-traumatic stress disorder, various personality disorders, and dissociative identity disorder. It follows that the Courts' faith in the present categorical classifications (e.g., DSMIV and ICD10) is misplaced and may be ultimately unhelpful to the administration of justice.     

论行政规定在行政诉讼中的效力

在现行法律体制下,行政规定不属于法律渊源,不是行政诉讼中法院必须适用的法律依据。但行政规定是行政机关作出行政行为的依据,在现实社会中具有重要的规范功能。在行政诉讼中,法院对行政规定既不能完全抛开,又不能完全信任。为了回应社会现实,应当在形式法治的框架内,融入部分实质法治的要素,附条件地承认行政规定的效力,并由法院依照这些条件和规则予以审查。