唐代工商业利润的流动转化及其社会后果

唐代官营工商业利润主要流入政府财政 ,也有一部分转化为高利贷资本和用于土地经营。民间工商业利润除了一部分用于生活消费、交通权贵和囤积射利外 ,大多用于土地的购买兼并和转化为高利贷资本。官、私工商业利润向产业资本流动转化甚少 ,既无益于新的生产方式的产生和发展 ,也拉大了财富占有上的贫富分化 ,并最终激化了社会矛盾和阶级矛盾 ,导至农民大起义爆发 ,唐王朝的腐朽统治遭到推翻     

论刑事回避制度——以比较法为视角

刑事回避是一种重要的刑事诉讼制度，它对刑事案件的公正、公平审判，犯罪嫌疑人、被告人以及其他诉讼参与人合法权益的保护都具有十分重要的意义。文章以国外刑事诉讼立法与司法实践为基础，以比较法为视角，全面阐述了刑事回避的启动与决定；刑事回避的适用对象与适用原由；刑事回避的法律后果与救济等内容。     

律师会见权检视——以看守所为视角简

看守所在刑事诉讼中具有稀缺性,故可以通过观察刑事辩护在看守所中的运行检视刑事诉讼法的执行状态.看守所、侦查机关均存在基于查明犯罪事实、惩罚犯罪分子的价值取向而限制或者变相剥夺刑事辩护律师会见权的现象.刑事辩护律师会见权被限制或者变相剥夺或许存在刑事诉讼法确定的辩护制度虚置、法律共同体面临撕毁、法治信仰难于形成的社会管理风险.     

交通肇事罪中“因逃逸致人死亡”问题探讨

新刑法对交通肇事罪进行了比较重要的修改，涉及到的“逃逸致人死亡”问题，在理论上争议颇多。本文将交通肇事罪中被害人最终死亡的具体情形一一作了分析、排除，借鉴日本刑法中的有益理论，将“逃逸”行为单独评价，以结合犯观点来理解新刑法中所作的修改。     

论死缓制度的法律适用

死刑缓期执行（简称＂死缓＂）,是我国独创的刑罚制度,是我国关于人权保护在刑法上的体现。目前,在世界范围内废除死刑的呼声日益高涨,而我国的现实状况却不允许我国废除死刑。死缓制度的确立可以从根本上减少我国死刑的适用率,缩小死刑的适用范围,与国际立法趋势相同。死缓制度作为我国独创的刑罚制度,在社会上既起到威慑作用,又有利于保护人权,是符合我国法制要求的制度。为了更好地适用死缓制度,我们必须从根本上把握死缓的适用标准以及适用的法律后果,保证死缓制度的正确适用。本文将从这两方面对死缓制度的适用作出论证,希望可以为完善死缓制度,为其在现实中的适用起到提示作用。     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Institutional Arrangements and State and Local Financial Forecasting

Abstract

The articles in this symposium present various consequences that effectively result in changes from adopted budgets during the implementation phase, which derive from institutional structure. The institutional structures referred to include such attributes as internal policy, procedural methodology, longevity in office, and reward and incentive systems related to performance outcomes

For local governments, structural influences studied include changes in leadership in the executive and legislative branches, longevity in office of budget administrators, and differences related to mayor-council vs. council-manager forms of government. Internal policies reported on cover methodology used to forecast revenues such as quantitative methods versus informed judgment, budgetary controls and spending policy related to mandated spending beyond local government control, and procedures for benchmarking within the agency as well as with peer groups and professional standards.

Consortia of governments are referenced regarding performance evaluation as is the process for gaining consensus between the executive and legislative branches, including expert outside opinion. Other influences on performance outcomes reported on are those tied to the risk-reward system built in to the institutional structure, which includes risk tolerance of the individuals who make pension fund investments.     

Qualitative Differences Among Rural and Urban Intimate Violence Victimization Experiences and Consequences: A Pilot Study

Relatively little is known about rural women's intimate violence experiences in comparison to urban women's experiences, partly because of the difficulty in accessing rural women. This pilot study used a protective order sample of 23 women (15 urban and 8 rural), which provides an access point that is relatively similar for comparisons across rural and urban areas. The number of participants is low and, therefore, results are preliminary. However, several significant findings emerged. Rural women reported significantly less social support, less education, less income, more physical abuse in the preceding year, more childhood physical and sexual abuse, and worse overall health and mental health, as well as encountering abuse earlier in the relationship. Both groups reported higher rates of illegal drug and cigarette use than those among the general population. The findings highlight some overall important themes in examining rural and urban intimate violence victims by suggesting that rural and urban intimate violence victims have different victimization experiences and service needs. Implications for further research and intervention are discussed.     

中美三个联合公报的条约性质研析——兼论中国的对策

长期以来,中美两国对于中美三个联合公报的法律性质存在着极大的争议:中国认为中美三个联合公报是有拘束力的条约,美国却否认这一点。这种争议的结果既严重损害了中美三个联合公报的权威性,更严重阻碍了中美关系的正常发展。根据国际条约法的基本原则和基本理论,特别是从条约的基本特征、美国国内法关于条约的定性、三个联合公报的履约情况等方面进行的深入分析表明,中美三个联合公报确定无疑是有拘束力的条约。基于此,中国政府应该积极寻求维护中美三个联合公报权威性及其条约性质的法律对策。     

论我国商业医疗保险中最大诚信原则的适用

目前我国商业医疗保险的发展进入了关键阶段,由于其保险标的的特殊性,决定了最大诚信原则在商业医疗保险中的重要作用,本文就最大诚信原则在商业医疗保险发展中的若干法律问题略抒拙见,以期抛砖引玉。