论程序正义的价值

程序正义和实体正义何者为第一性价值的问题,涉及到正义相对于特定的社会的实现程度。考虑到我国目前的具体国情以及程序正义自身的价值,最合理的选择是确立程序正义的优先地位。     

违约责任与风险负担

风险负担与违约责任是共同处理标的物毁损灭失案型的两项不同制度。在我国违约责任的归责原则实现了由过错责任向严格责任转化的情况下,风险负担制度的内涵与适用范围应作相应的调整。违约之际风险负担的处理涉及到这两项制度的协调与配合的复杂关系。在履行迟延期间标的物毁灭时,原则上应使违约方当事人承担风险。对质的不完全履行之际的风险负担问题,国际公约、各国或各地区立法不一,对我国现行法律进行体系解释可知,当买受人拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同的,由出卖人承担风险,否则则由买受人承担风险,不过,买受人仍享有违约救济权。在违约之际的风险负担问题上,我国现行法律还存在若干漏洞,应予填补。     

论个人信用制度建设

当前,我国经济生活中的个人信用失范问题由于经济人的机会主义倾向、信息不对称和契约不完全等原因日渐突出,严重阻碍着经济资源的有效配置和市场经济的有序运行。加强个人信用制度建设,培育诚实守信的社会风尚,是我国当前物质文明建设和精神文明建设的重要任务。     

残缺、模糊指纹的检验鉴定

本文通过具体案例对残缺、模糊指纹的检验鉴定方法及过程进行了分析,并指出了准确鉴定指纹的重要性。     

Local Public-Services Provision under Public–Private Partnerships: Contractual Design and Contracting Parties Incentives

When deciding to resort to a PPP contract for the provision of a local public service, local governments have to consider the demand risk allocation between the contracting parties. In this article, I investigate the effects of demand risk allocation on the accountability of procuring authorities regarding consumers changing demand, as well as on the cost-reducing effort incentives of the private public-service provider. I show that contracts in which the private provider bears demand risk motivate more the public authority from responding to customer needs. This is due to the fact that consumers are empowered when the private provider bears demand risk, that is, they have the possibility to oust the private provider in case of non-satisfaction with the service provision, which provides procuring authorities with more credibility in side-trading and then more incentives to be responsive. As a consequence, I show that there is a lower matching with consumers’ preferences over time when demand risk is on the public authority rather than on the private provider, and this is corroborated in the light of two famous case studies. However, contracts in which the private provider does not bear demand risk motivate more the private provider from investing in cost-reducing efforts. I highlight then a tradeoff in the allocation of demand risk between productive and allocative efficiency. The striking policy implication of this article for local governments would be that the current trend towards a greater resort to contracts where private providers bear little or no demand risk may not be optimal. Local governments should impose demand risk on private providers within PPP contracts when they expect that consumers’ preferences over the service provision will change over time.     

论残缺指印的特点及鉴定方法

指印是手指末节皮肤乳突花纹遗留的印痕,能反映出手指末节形态的结构特征和乳突花纹的结构特征。在司法实践中,残缺指印的出现率很高,而且由于指印面积小,其纹型难辨,纹线数量少、细节特征少,检验残缺指印比较困难,用常规的鉴定方法难以完成。根据残缺指印的形成特点及鉴定条件从细微处入手、分析形成的原因,通过比对可以得出准确的检验结论。     

论入户抢劫的未完成犯罪形态

入户抢劫是一个过程,但并非任何入户抢劫行为都能顺利完成。因此,作为结果加重犯的一种入户抢劫也存在未完成犯罪形态。对入户抢劫未完成犯罪形态的认定,应注意入户抢劫"着手"的认定和入户抢劫的犯罪未得逞问题。行为人只要实施了入户行为使可以认定为入户抢劫的"着手",而入户抢劫的犯罪未得逞,应限定于行为人尚无实际非法占有、控制户内他人的财物。准确地认定入户抢劫的未完成犯罪形态,区分入户抢劫的犯罪预备与未遂、犯罩未遂与既遂,能够更充分地体现"有利于犯罪嫌疑人(被告人)"的原则,有制于刑事司法实践。     

独立监管机构的法律特征及其合宪性分析

由于独立监管机构的独立性、权力混合性特征,其被誉为"无头的第四部门","宪法怪胎(constitutionalanom alies)"。卡罗尔.哈洛,理查德.罗林斯和王名扬先生的著作中都有关于独立监管机构正当性的论述。然而,"不完备法律理论"提供了更有说服力的解释,即剩余立法权与执法权的存在。并且独立监管机构天然地带有制衡传统行政权的色彩,其不但没有僭越三权分立原则的精神内核,反而是一位合格的执行者,开拓者。     

Online Dispute Resolution and Bargaining

The automated negotiation process seems to be a powerful mechanism to resolve disputes arising from Internet-based transactions. Automated negotiation is an online blind-bidding process in which an automated algorithm evaluates bids from the parties and settles the case if the offers are within a prescribed range. Following the arguments of the dispute resolution professionals, the main advantage of this procedure is to promote natural agreements by restoring the parties' right to negotiate on their own, without the presence of a third party in the shadow of negotiations. Our purpose is to investigate this issue by modelling the automated negotiation process as a two-person bargaining game under incomplete information. A first result states that, given incomplete information, not all mutually beneficial agreements can be attained via the procedure. Furthermore, the settlement rule has a drastic effect on the players' strategies, which induces that the automated negotiation process does not significantly increase the likelihood of a settlement. The ability of the procedure to generate efficiency is only due to the costs imposed on parties if a disagreement occurs, that is the combination of players' risk aversion and uncertainty.     

从信息视角看经济法基本功能

信息不充分、不对称及错误是信息失灵主要表现 ,它们对市场效率具有巨大的消极影响 ,因此需要由各种制度对其加以克服 ,在诸多制度中 ,经济法具有独特的优势。经济法通过各种制度安排能够在较大程度上使市场信息充分、对称、准确 ,从而提升市场效率。