湖北地区德国牧羊犬10个微卫星DNA基因座遗传多态性研究

目的研究85头德国牧羊犬的10个基因座多态性。方法选用美国应用生物系统公司的10个商用犬微卫星基因座荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒进行PCR、并进行统计学分析。结果对85头德国牧羊犬的10个基因座的多态性研究表明,10个基因座累积DP值在0.9999972,非父排除率在0.9399,微卫星DNA基因座PEZ6、PEZ8、FHC2054的等位基因数均在8个以上,DP值接近或超过0.9,杂合度接近或超过0.7,能有效地应用犬的个体识别和亲权关系鉴定,其它7个基因座均未达到理想的个体识别和亲权鉴定使用条件。结论联合使用多个犬微卫星基因座,可以用于犬的个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

DNAc: A clustering method for identifying kinship relations between DNA profiles using a novel similarity measure

After decades of refinement, DNA testing methods have become essential tools in forensic sciences. They are essentially based on likelihood ratio test principle, which is utilized specifically, by using as prior knowledge the allele frequencies in the population, to confirm or refute a given kinship hypothesis made on two genotypes. This makes these methods ill suited when allele frequencies or kinship hypotheses are unavailable. In this paper, we introduce DNAc, a new clustering methodology for DNA testing based on a new similarity measure that allows an accurate retrieval of the degree of relatedness among two or more genotypes, without relying on kinship hypotheses or allele frequencies in the population. We used DNAc in analyzing microsatellite DNA sequences distributed among 12 genotypes from normal individuals from two distinct families. The results show that DNAc accurately determines kinship among genotypes and further gathers them in the appropriate kinship groups.     

9个犬STR基因座在犬类鉴定中的应用

目的建立犬的复合扩增体系对犬进行个体识别和亲权鉴定。方法用建立的犬复合扩增体系进行PCR反应,用ABI310型遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测。结果鉴定结果表明,9个犬STR基因座复合扩增体系,各个基因座扩增平衡,结果稳定。结论9个犬STR基因座复合扩增体系可以进行犬的个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

克隆牛的DNA鉴定

目的建立26个多态性STR标记,进行克隆牛的鉴定。方法采用荧光标记PCR引物,进行PCR扩增,应用GeneScan技术分析26个牛的微卫星基因座遗传多态性。结果26对荧光标记引物均能对上述样品很好地扩增出DNA产物,并得到清晰的条带。根据实验观察到的数据计算,体细胞克隆牛供体奶牛与克隆小奶牛的偶合率为3.31×10-15,认定它们为相同来源;在所检测的26个微卫星标记中,体细胞克隆牛供体奶牛、克隆小奶牛与克隆小奶牛代孕荷斯坦母亲的基因型在21个标记上不符合母子遗传关系,可以排除其亲子关系。结论有助于今后开展对珍稀动物或家畜被盗的案件鉴定工作。     

青海省喜马拉雅旱獭种群的遗传多态性分析

为了研究青藏高原喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)种群的遗传特征,以青海省同仁、乌兰、玉树县的喜马拉雅旱獭种群作为研究对象,利用13个微卫星DNA标记对其遗传变异情况及其种群结构进行了分析。通过有效等位基因数、基因多样性、Shannon指数、多态信息含量等参数对喜马拉雅旱獭不同种群内的遗传多态性进行了初步研究;采用除权配对法聚类分析绘制了旱獭的系统发育树,观察了各种群间亲缘关系。结果显示,青海省喜马拉雅旱獭种群均有高度的遗传多态性;它们可被分为两支:乌兰县和同仁县旱獭为一支,玉树县旱獭为另一支,这种种群特征与这3个县的地貌特点基本一致。研究结果为青藏高原喜马拉雅旱獭遗传资源的保护和利用提供了重要信息。     

Genotype profile for fifteen tetranucleotide repeat loci in two Tibeto-Burman speaking tribal populations of Arunachal Pradesh, India

POPULATION: Two Tibeto-Burman-speaking Adi tribal populations of Arunachal Pradesh, India, Adi Pasi ( n =121) from Upper Siang district, and Adi Minyong ( n =33) from East Siang district were analyzed for polymorphisms at 15 microsatellite loci. The populations belong to Mongoloid ethnicity and are of special significance in genetic studies due to their small population size, relative isolation in remote hilly areas, and traditional subsistence patterns.     

Effectiveness of Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms to Investigate Cattle Rustling

Short tandem repeats (STR)s have been the eligible markers for forensic animal genetics, despite single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s became acceptable. The technology, the type, and amount of markers could limit the investigation in degraded forensic samples. The performance of a 32‐SNP panel genotyped through OpenArrays^TM (real‐time PCR based) was evaluated to resolve cattle‐specific forensic cases. DNA from different biological sources was used, including samples from an alleged instance of cattle rustling. SNPs and STRs performance and repeatability were compared. SNP call rate was variable among sample type (average = 80.18%), while forensic samples showed the lowest value (70.94%). The repeatability obtained (98.7%) supports the used technology. SNPs had better call rates than STRs in 12 of 20 casework samples, while forensic index values were similar for both panels. In conclusion, the 32‐SNPs used are as informative as the standard bovine STR battery and hence are suitable to resolve cattle rustling investigations.     

广西巴马小型猪21个微卫星座位的DNA多态性分析

利用 2 1个微卫星座位统计了广西巴马小型猪品系内的等位基因组成 ,计算了各位点的基因纯合率和多态性信息含量 (PIC)及平均杂合度。结果 ,2 1个位点的平均基因纯合率为 5 5 .5 % ,平均PIC为 0 .3 5 0 1,平均杂合度为 0 .3 881。结果提示 ,广西巴马小型猪具有一定的遗传稳定性 ,已成为一个稳定的遗传群体 ,符合封闭群动物的遗传特征     

Constructing STR Multiplexes for Individual Identification of Hungarian Red Deer

Red deer is the most valuable game of the fauna in Hungary, and there is a strong need for genetic identification of individuals. For this purpose, 10 tetranucleotide STR markers were developed and amplified in two 5‐plex systems. The study presented here includes the flanking region sequence analysis and the allele nomenclature of the 10 loci as well as the PCR optimization of the DeerPlex I and II. LD pairwise tests and cross‐species similarity analyses showed the 10 loci to be independently inherited. Considerable levels of genetic differences between two subpopulations were recorded, and F_ST was 0.034 using AMOVA. The average probability of identity (PI_ave) was at the value of 2.6736 × 10^?15. This low value for PI_ave nearly eliminates false identification. An illegal hunting case solved by DeerPlex is described herein. The calculated likelihood ratio (LR) illustrates the potential of the 10 red deer microsatellite markers for forensic investigations.     

Allelic variation at ACTBP2 microsatellite for two Indian tribal groups

POPULATION: Two tribal populations, Bison Horn Maria ( N =49) and Muria ( N =52) from Bastar district in Central India.