海权争霸与俄苏的兴衰及其历史反思

从海权的角度分析俄苏的兴衰是一个尚未有人进行充分探讨的问题。在数百年的争夺中 ,海权的扩张固然构成了俄苏崛起的一个因素 ,但从长远的角度看 ,对海权的过度追求又构成了俄苏走向衰落的根源之一。具体说来 ,从俄苏海权扩张西进、南下和东进 3条线路中 ,西进战略较为成功 ,并促进了俄苏的崛起 ;南下和东进战略虽有所收获 ,但都遭遇挫折 ,尤其是南下的世界扩张战略直接导致了苏联的衰落。从本质上来说 ,地缘政治条件的制约、俄苏海权过渡扩张所导致的一系列矛盾构成了俄苏海权战略失败并导致国力衰微的根源之一。

Contending for Hegemony of Sea Power and the Rise and Fall of Russia and Soviet,and Historical Reflections

Analyzing the rise and fall of Russia and Soviet from angel of Sea Power is an issue which had not been discussed adequately. This paper pointed out that expanding of Sea Power was one factor of the rise of Russia and Soviet, but contending for Sea Power excessively was one of roots of the fall of Russia and Soviet. Concretely, in three lines of expanding of Sea Power to the west, south and east, the strategy of expanding to the west was successful relatively and speeded the rise of Russia and Soviet; the strategies of expanding to the south and east all encountered with frustrations, especially the strategy of expanding to the south resulted in the fall of Soviet directly. Essentially, the restriction of geopolitics conditions and a series of contradictions induced to contending for Sea Power excessively was one of roots of the failure of the strategy of Sea power, and leaded to decline of national power of Russia and Soviet.