番鸭呼肠孤病毒ZJ99株σC蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

参考已发表的番鸭呼肠孤病毒(mDRV)的S4序列设计了1对扩增σC蛋白基因的引物,对mDRVZJ99株的RNA抽提物进行RTPCR扩增,获得了特异性的扩增片段。将PCR产物克隆测序,序列经同源性比较,发现mDRVZJ99株σC蛋白基因序列与福建MW9710株对应基因的同源性为99.5%,与法国89026株对应基因的同源性为94.2%,与法国89330株对应基因的同源性为95.0%;相应的氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.9%、94.1%、93.7%。基于σC基因及其推导氨基酸序列的蛋白质结构及物理化学性质预测结果,与国外学者对mDRVσC蛋白的报道相似。     

鸡抗病毒Mx基因的克隆与序列分析

用干扰素诱导剂poly(I)/(C)诱导鸡胚成纤维细胞,提取细胞总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法扩增了北京白鸡Mx基因全长编码区序列.序列分析表明该基因编码区长2118 bp,编码705个氨基酸残基,其第631位为天冬酰胺,理论上推测具有抗病毒活性.通过与GenBank中已登录的7个品系鸡Mx基因进行核苷酸系统进化树分析,结果显示,北京白鸡Mx基因与WL-N品系鸡Mx基因的亲缘关系最近.北京白鸡Mx基因序列与其他动物Mx基因序列的比较结果显示,核苷酸同源性为49.5%～76.8%,氨基酸同源性为44.1%～61.6%.据此可以推断克隆的Mx基因具有抗病毒活性的分子特征和特征性功能结构,不同种属动物Mx基因的同源性与其亲缘关系呈正相关.     

鸡Toll样受体3胞外区片段的克隆表达及多克隆抗体的制备

以笔者所在课题组扩增测序的广西三黄鸡Toll样受体3(TLR3)基因为基础,采用降落PCR法从鸡外周血淋巴细胞中扩增其胞外功能区片段chTLR3-LRR,并构建该片段的原核表达重组质粒,通过优化蛋白表达条件,用获得的融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,通过Western-blot鉴定多克隆抗体的特异性。结果显示,该片段长度为834bp,与预测的片段大小、碱基序列相符;构建的原核表达重组质粒pET-chTLR3-LRR经IPTG诱导后,表达出预期的30ku的重组蛋白,所获得的鼠抗鸡TLR3多克隆抗体能够与经传染性法氏囊炎病毒(IBDV)刺激后的鸡胚成纤维细胞的TLR3蛋白发生特异性免疫反应。表明,所选择的区域片段具有很好的免疫原性,制备的鼠抗鸡TLR3多抗具有良好的特异性,这为进一步研究鸡TLR3的功能提供了重要材料。     

猪源鹦鹉热衣原体外膜主蛋白编码基因的克隆和序列测定

运用PCR技术扩增3株猪源鹦鹉热衣原体的外膜主蛋白(MOMP)编码基因,将扩增产物连接到pMD 18-T载体克隆,经酶切鉴定、PCR鉴定并分析其序列,3菌株的MOMP核苷酸序列的同源性为98.4%～99.0%,氨基酸序列的同源性为97.5%～98.1%,他们之间的差异很小,属于同一血清型.与国外发表的GPIC株及Mn株的MOMP比较,核苷酸序列的同源性分别为79.5%～80.4%和70.9%～71.3%.氨基酸序列的同源性分别为84.2%～84.7%和80.2%～80.5%.同时发现3菌株与GPIC株具有相似的基因可变区,而与Mn株的差异较大.     

D28k钙结合蛋白cDNA的克隆及序列分析

利用RT PCR技术从鸡小肠组织RNA中扩增鸡D2 8k钙结合蛋白cDNA ,以进一步研究D2 8k钙结合蛋白促进肠钙吸收的机理。结果表明 ,鸡肠道D2 8k钙结合蛋白cDNA的开放阅读框由 789个碱基对组成 ,编码由 2 6 2个氨基酸组成的多肽 ,分子质量约为 2 7.9ku ;禽类D2 8k钙结合蛋白基因长 18.5kb ,10个间插序列将其分成 11个编码外显子 ,启动子区以GC为主 (6 0 %～80 % )。D2 8k钙结合蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性在鼠和人之间达到 98.5 % ,在蟾蜍和鸡之间达到80 .9% ,在人和鸡之间为 79.8% ,在鼠和鸡之间为 79.5 %。不同种属的动物之间D2 8k钙结合蛋白的氨基酸序列存在较高的同源性。     

麋鹿朊蛋白全基因的克隆及序列分析

为获得中国麋鹿朊蛋白(PRNP)的全基因,并利用DNAStar软件与已报道的其他动物的朊蛋白全基因序列进行同源性分析,根据GenBank中马鹿朊蛋白基因序列设计特异性引物,采用PCR方法从提取的总基因组中扩增得到麋鹿PRNP基因;将其连接到pGEM-T Easy载体中,获得克隆产物并测序。结果,成功扩增出了中国麋鹿PRNP基因,构建了重组质粒pGEM-T-ML;对克隆产物的序列分析表明,麋鹿PRNP基因的开放阅读框包含771bp,编码256个氨基酸的前体蛋白,前体蛋白的分子质量约为28 200u;与已报道的其他鹿科动物朊蛋白全基因的核苷酸及氨基酸序列的同源性均在98.8%以上,与几种非鹿科动物的同源性在96.5%～98.4%之间。结果表明,麋鹿PRNP基因的核苷酸和编码蛋白的氨基酸序列与其他鹿科动物的序列具有高度保守性,而与几种非鹿科动物间的同源性也较高,说明朊蛋白是一种古老的高度保守的蛋白。     

鸡白细胞介素5基因的克隆与原核表达

根据GenBank中登录的鸡白细胞介素5(IL-5)基因序列,设计并合成1对特异性引物,首次从ConA激活的鸡脾淋巴细胞中扩增出了鸡IL-5基因cDNA。序列分析表明,该基因全长381bp,编码126个氨基酸,蛋白质分子质量约14.63ku,包括22个氨基酸长度的信号肽。与其他哺乳动物IL-5的氨基酸同源性低于25%,显示较强的种属特异性。但该蛋白的三维结构与人IL-5蛋白结构相似,主要由4个α螺旋构成。进而构建了此基因的原核表达载体pET-28a-IL-5,并在大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中通过IPTG的诱导成功实现了表达,为进一步研究禽IL-5的结构和生物学功能奠定了良好的基础。     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒YB株μB蛋白的原核表达与生物信息学分析

为研究番鸭呼肠孤病毒YB株(MDRV-YB株)μB蛋白基因与其他多株参考毒株之间的遗传进化关系以及对该序列的结构功能预测和进行蛋白的原核表达,本试验通过RT-PCR方法从MDRV中特异性扩增μB基因,并构建重组质粒pET-YB-μB,经测序获得其完整的CDS区;通过DNAstar等软件对MDRVYB株μB基因进行生物学信息分析,预测其编码蛋白的结构功能;重组质粒转化E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导表达μB融合蛋白。结果显示,μB蛋白基因CDS区全长2031 bp,共编码676个氨基酸;μB蛋白分子式为C3217H5105N879O1014S27,不存在信号肽,可能含有4个N-糖基化位点、85个磷酸化位点,二级结构中α螺旋结构、β螺旋结构、β转角结构和无规卷曲的氨基酸残基分别占27.6%,53.3%,10%和9.1%;在核苷酸同源性方面MDRV-YB株μB基因与番鸭呼肠孤病毒ZJ2000M株同源性高达99.8%,与其他多株鸡源呼肠孤病毒、鸭源呼肠孤病毒和鹅源呼肠孤病毒同源性都很低,仅为67.3%~69.6%;进化树分析结果显示,MDRV-YB株与MW9710株处于最近的分支;SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析结果显示,经IPTG诱导,重组质粒pET-YB-μB成功表达了大小约为99.1 ku的μB融合蛋白,并且该蛋白反应原性良好。本试验结果为MDRV的遗传进化和μB蛋白功能的研究奠定了基础,为进一步研究MDRV的致病机制提供了数据支撑。     

甘肃犬瘟热病毒流行株N蛋白和H蛋白基因的序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法扩增了3株犬瘟热病毒(CDV)分离株的N、H蛋白基因,将其克隆入pGEM-T Easy载体并进行序列分析。结果表明,获得的N蛋白基因序列与GenBank上登录的其他国家和地区的CDV分离株相应序列的同源性为92.5%～99.9%,获得的H蛋白基因与其他国家和地区的CDV分离株相应序列的同源性为81.7%～100%。由N蛋白基因和H蛋白基因推导的氨基酸序列构建的遗传进化树可知,这3株CDV流行株均处于野毒株的分支上,在N蛋白基因的遗传进化树上,CDV流行株呈现明显的地域性差异,而在H蛋白基因的遗传进化树上,不同国家和地区的CDV分离株之间虽有一定的地域联系,但与N蛋白基因相比,其地域性联系并不明显。说明这3株CDV流行株为野毒株,H蛋白基因的变异水平明显高于N蛋白基因,而N蛋白基因更能显示毒株与地域的关系。     

无血凝性兔出血症病毒VP60蛋白分子特性的分析及其在大肠杆菌内的高效表达

分离出1株在4、25、37℃条件下均不能凝集人"O"型红细胞的兔出血症病毒(RHDV),命名为SQ-1株;采用RT-PCR扩增获得病毒主要结构蛋白VP60蛋白基因,并对目的基因进行测序及分析;将目的基因定向克隆入原核表达载体pET-30a的多克隆位点,在大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中诱导表达,纯化重组蛋白,用Western-blot检测其反应原性。测序与同源性分析结果显示,该毒株属于RHDV抗原遗传变异株(RHDVa),所扩增的VP60基因的ORF为1 740bp,编码579个氨基酸残基,与世界上其他RHDV毒株的核苷酸序列的同源性为89.9%～98.0%,与已报道的无血凝特性的病毒株whn-1株及低血凝性的Rainham株的核苷酸序列的同源性分别为95.2%及90.8%。重组质粒经IPTG诱导后目的基因获得表达,重组蛋白与预期大小一致,分子质量约为60ku,主要以包涵体形式存在。Western-blot检测证实,纯化蛋白能够与RHDV阳性血清发生良好的杂交反应,说明该重组蛋白具有良好的反应原性。     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

U.S. and East Asian Integration

the U.S. is directly impacting on the future of the East Asian community. Therefore, finding ways to get along with the U.S. is crucial to the speed, direction, configuration and character of the East Asian community. In this paper, the author has analyzed the interests of the United States in East Asia and its stands towards the East Asian integration. The author concludes that it is to the interest of the United States to make more efforts to further join in the East Asian integration. And East Asia should accept and welcome the American participation.     

CAFIU Honorary Vice-President Wang Zhizhen Visited Turkey,Sudan and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum

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CAFIU Delegation Visited Sri Lanka and Attended the Third China-Africa People's Forum in Sudan

正At the invitation of Sri Lanka-China Friendship Association(SLCFA)and Sudan Network for National Non-Governmental Organizations,a 5-member delegation led by CAFIU Deputy Secretary-General Liu Kaiyang visited Sri Lanka and attended the Third China-Africa People’s Forum held in Sudan from May 7 to 14,2014.As a member of this delegation,I had the great honor     

South Asian NGO Delegation Visiting China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 10-member NGO delegation composed of representatives from media,think tanks and NGOs from Bangladesh,India and Sri Lanka visited China from April 9 to 18.On the second day of arrival,the delegation visited Xicheng District Administrative Service Center.The center provides such services as     

Building A Platform for Understanding and Establishing Channels for Cooperation——Notes on the 2014 “Understanding & Cooperation” Dialogue

正From June 16 to 18,the 2014"UnderstandingCooperation"Dialogue and Forum on Rethinking Asia,co-hosted by CAFIU and FES and jointly organized with China Foundation for Peace and Development,was held in Tutzing,a beautiful and spacious manor located at 30km southwest of Munich.Nearly 60 delegates from more than 10Asian and European countries participated in the event,including China,Germany,Korea,Japan,     

The Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop Held in CIIS

正On September 25-26,2014,CIIS and Hoover Institution,Stanford University jointly held the Second Sino-US Maritime Security Workshop in Beijing.CIIS President Qu Xing and Abraham Sofall,senior research fellow with the Hoover Institution,codelivered the opening remarks.Representatives from China's Ministry of National Defense,     

俄白哈关税同盟的发展及其影响（英文）

In recent years, the Eurasian Economic Community has developed rapidly. Because of the special relationship between the SCO and the Customs Because Customs Union, the latter will inevitably exert some influence on the development of the former, but they are not fundamentally contradictory. Since the of the establishment of the Customs Union, the trade between China and the Customs Union members grows steadily.