权力腐败的法律制约

权力的腐败表现为权力的非责任化和权力的权利化。权力本身具有被腐败的可能性 ,加上权力主体的私欲 ,就构成权力异化并且形成腐败的主要因素。权力被腐败的可能性并不会自动转化为现实性 ,促使这种转化实现的因素不是别的 ,正是权力主体的私欲。权力腐败实际上是权力的失衡 ,从法律角度上审视 ,任何公共权力都有一个法律上的界限 ,超出这个界限就是权力的滥用。遏止腐败的途径不外乎道德途径和法律的途径。古今中外的历史证明 ,寻求权力制约的法治途径是最有效、最权威、最持久的模式     

再论权力腐败的法律制约

权力腐败是权力的非责任化和权力的权利化。权力腐败的本质是剥削 ,这种剥削是通过追求最大化的“非生产性利润”而形成权力资本实现的。遏制腐败 ,可以从权力成为“寻租”、“设租”对象的诱因 ,即权力不当干预或进入市场 ,导致权钱交易腐败现象恶性发作上去认识。也可以从经济分析法学的角度 ,即通过成本分析进行遏制 ,因为权力腐败都是需要承担风险和支付成本的 ,只有国家法治措施达到腐败成本大于腐败收益时 ,才能有效预防和遏制权力的腐败。     

论职务犯罪及其预防

职务犯罪是腐败现象最极端的表现,它严重侵蚀着党的肌体,危害着国家的利益,成为关系党和国家生死存亡的重大政治问题。它具有权力金钱化、违章办事、隐蔽性强等特点,其产生的原因是多方面的。十七大报告指出:"在坚决惩治腐败的同时,更加注重治本,更加注重预防,更加注重制度建设,拓展从源头上防治腐败工作领域。""确保权力正确行使,必须让权力在阳光下运行。"建立防腐的长效机制。既是促进社会稳定和经济发展的必然要求,也是治理腐败的治本之策。     

治“腐”重在治“人”——对权力与腐败关系的再审视

本文试从腐败、公共权力、公共权力主体之间的关系角度探讨腐败的成因,认为腐败并非是公共权力的腐败,而是公共权力主体的腐败。公共权力不可能自发导致腐败,腐败是具有主观能动性的公共权力主体滥用公共权力,谋取私利的行为。从根源上预防和遏制腐败,就要从教育、法制、监督的配套机制中加强对公共权力主体的治理。     

努力构建科学严密的权力运行机制

依靠改革和体制创新抑制腐败，是党中央关于从源头上预防和治理腐败的重大决策，是新形势下反腐败工作得以深化的重要标志。从改革体制机制制度入手预防和治理腐败，必须针对当前容易产生权力寻租、权力异化的薄弱环节，努力构建结构合理、配置科学、程序严密、相互制约的权力运行机制。总结潍坊市近几年的实践经验，构建科学严密的权力运行机制，必须狠抓以下四个环节： 一是放权。行政权力行使过程中的重要特点是强调集中，追求效率，拥有自由裁量权，具有扩张和滥用的倾向。只有充分发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用，最大限度地减少政府部…     

一部分析权力腐败及其整治的好书——简介林吉吉著《权力腐败与权力制约》

一部分析权力腐败及其整治的好书——简介林吉吉著《权力腐败与权力制约》李步云如何遏制与整治现今社会上的种种腐败现象，是我国政府和广大人民群众十分重视和关注的问题，是摆在我国社会科学工作者面前的一个重大的研究课题。在各种社会腐败现象中，权力腐败是最严重的...     

廉政风险及基层的防控实践——以广州市天河区纪委的探索为例

腐败发生有很多原因如封建腐朽思想作祟,法制不发达不健全与社会转型、体制转轨引起的价值失范和制度缺陷,民主政治传统的脆弱和双重道德标准的社会心理等.权力资源、腐败动机、腐败机会是腐败的构成要件.有权力的岗位都有可能产生腐败,这就是廉政风险.加强廉政风险防控,其本质是对权力的规范和制约.要排查廉政风险点和评定风险等级,完善权力运行机制,防止“过密化”,从而构建廉政风险防控的长效机制.     

论权力腐败的危害及防范措施

权力腐败是一个全球性问题，由于权力具有强制性、排他性、占有性，掌权者容易滥用而走向腐败。权力腐败会带来严重的危害，因此必须加强对党员领导干部的思想道德教育，完善监督机制，防范权力腐败。本文主要从权力腐败的危害出发，分析权力腐败的根源，并在此基础上，深入探讨防范权力腐败的措施。     

权力的私人性及其法律控制

公共权力在主体归属上具有私人性特征,这一特征必然导致权力运作的私密化.私人主体对个人利益的追求,与社会利益和分配权能的私人占有的结合,使权力私人性的其逻辑后果必然是腐败.以法律控制权力的私人性,尤其要明确公共权力的活动领域、权力范围和责任范围.     

加大预防力度要处理好“六个关系”

加大预防腐败工作力度，推动预防腐败工作深入开展，必须认真贯彻标本兼治、综合治理、惩防并举、注重预防的方针，按照“三个更加注重”的要求，正确处理好“六个关系”。一是正确处理局部利益与整体利益的关系。要自觉把部门工作融人大局工作之中，结合工作实际，认真排查权力运行中的重点部位和重点环节，查找导致公共权力部门化，部门权力个人化，个人权力利益化等腐败问题的人为因素，进一步完善制度、强化监督，提高预防腐败工作的整体水平。     

对深入反腐败斗争的思考

反腐败斗争是当今国际关注的一个焦点,也是关系我们党和国家生死存亡的严重政治斗争。国家工作人员贪污犯罪是腐败现象的集中表现,因此,打击国家工作人员贪污贿赂犯罪是反腐败斗争的关键环节。     

How damages recovery actions can improve the fight against corruption: the crisis of criminal law policies and the role of private enforcement in an Italian case of judicial corruption

In many countries corruption is rife, despite the fact that there is a criminal-law legislative framework for corruption. Italy is one of these countries. The commitment of judges and prosecutors to combating instances of corruption is often frustrated by the consequences of the excessive length of the proceedings. The fight against corruption has been carried out mainly in the field of criminal law. The criminalisation of corruption both in domestic and in international contexts is not enough to reduce corrupt practices. In the last decade another front in the fight against corruption has been explored: the private law approach as a complement to criminal law policies. Indeed, the same corrupt practise may be subject both to criminal proceedings by public authority and to civil proceedings by the victims of corruption. The argument that private law instruments may be used in order to achieve a public policy goal is not new and goes beyond the definition of "private enforcement" in the context of competition law. The idea of creating a favourable social and legal background to encourage the victims of anti-competitive practices can also be transposed to the fight against corruption. In fact, in many cases of corruption the low percentage of successful criminal persecution and the class of punishment associated with corruption offences do not represent a deterrent, considering the benefits deriving from bribe. This paper aims to address the question as to whether private law remedies under national legal systems could constitute an effective disincentive against corrupt practices, alongside criminal prosecutions. The case CIR vs. Fininvest, Lodo Mondadori is one of the first cases involving damages actions resulting from corrupt practices, and addresses two of the main obstacles to civil actions in this field: evidence and the quantification of damages.     

法官的权力——中国法官权力约束制度研究

对法官权力的约束一般是在三个制度框架范围内进行的 :政治与行政的 ,道德与宗教的 ,法律与程序的。中国的法官在法律领域拥有重要的、无序的权力 ;在政治与行政制度框架内权力则极其微小 ;宗教与道德的多元化则使在该领域中法官的权力未能受到有效制约。权力制约是柄双刃剑 ,既可能对有条件产生腐败行为的权力领域构成约束 ,也可能加剧该领域腐败现象的蔓延。由于中国的法官在承担公正司法和维护社会正义的责任方面缺乏条件和能力 ,而在法官真正滥用权力时 ,国家与社会则又缺乏有效的法律约束能力 ,因此 ,通过建立一个要求法官必须充分、公开说理的法律制度 ,在特定的法庭空间内 ,在法律的框架内 ,保证同时又约束法官的权力 ,才能真正做到司法独立 ,也才能真正约束法官权力     

权力影响非分所得的制度防范

有效反腐必须善于发现、解决反腐中出现的新问题。权力影响非分所得是反腐中遇到的新问题,目前,权力影响非分所得的存在具有较大的社会危害性。造成这种现象的原因主要包括社会原因、体制原因、心理原因等。对此,需要在反腐斗争中针对新问题提出新对策。而有效防范权力影响非分所得需要综合运用市场运作手段、法律调整手段、从政伦理手段。     

Norms,law and social change: Nigeria’s anti-corruption struggle, 1999–2017

Corruption is notoriously persistent in Nigeria notwithstanding the panoply of laws deployed over the years against it. This article argues that the factors constraining the effectiveness of laws in the fight against corruption are to be found not in the laws, but in the larger societal matrix of resilient social norms and institutions, which constitute the environment of corruption in the country. The environment thus constituted is either conducive to, or largely tolerant of, corruption. The article then suggests that the anti-corruption effort, to be successful, must engage broadly with the environment by instigating social change.     

Laws without teeth: An overview of the problems associated with corruption in Ukraine

This paper presents an overview of the current problems of corruption in Ukraine. It provides an example of specific corruption practices in the country and describes the general provisions related to the fight against corruption in Ukraine. The paper presents preliminary results of a pilot study of corruption in Ukraine to examine the impact of corruption on thefinancial markets. We support the proposition of Claessens, Djankov, andKlingebiel (2000) that the development of financial institutions and the improvement of financial market services in a nation can be viewed as indicators of the effectiveness of the economic, political, and legal reforms and the dedication of the government to these reforms. The paper ends with a discussion of the role of the international community in the fight against corruption in Ukraine.     

China’s anti-graft campaign and international anti-corruption norms: Towards a “new international anti-corruption order”?

This article analyzes the growing impact of an increasingly powerful China on the evolution of norms governing the global fight against corruption. Combining insights into the diffusion of anti-corruption norms and China’s ‘two-way socialization’ into the international order with an analysis of the Chinese leadership’s internationalized anti-corruption campaign, it argues that China’s active involvement in the international fight against corruption is bound to challenge prevailing international ‘definitions’ and ‘solutions’ of corruption. Despite the considerable attention to supposed incompatibilities between ‘culturally insensitive’ Western anti-corruption efforts and conflicting Chinese cultural norms, the actual ‘China challenge’ to the international anti-corruption regime is much less a cultural than a political one. While China’s formal-legal anti-corruption system has been receptive to international socialization, China’s own contributions to international norm making are defined by the Party’s top-level leadership, which promotes a different set of anti-corruption norms. However, a coherent alternative ‘Chinese model’ of anti-corruption, akin to the globally propagated ‘China path’ for economic development and poverty reduction, is not yet in sight.     

反腐败国际合作法律问题探析--兼谈中国对《联合国反腐败公约》的应对

随着世界经济的一体化,腐败对一国经济发展和政治合法性的危害超越了现有的国界,影响着世界的和平与繁荣。许多国家已经认识到,只有充分而全面的国际合作才能有效地控制和惩治腐败,反腐败的国际交流与合作将愈来愈广泛。作为第一项全球性反腐败法律文件——《联合国反腐败公约》的通过,为反腐败国际合作提供了一个新的平台。我们应该转变“各自清扫门前雪”的旧观念,树立反腐败国际合作的新观念,加强在预防和打击腐败方面与各国和国际组织的合作。     

反贪工作与贯彻宽严相济刑事政策

作为一种基本的刑事法律指导方针,宽严相济刑事政策在我国的刑事立法、司法实践活动中早有体现;但是,在司法实务过程中,以数额为主导确定定罪量刑幅度法定刑的规定,存在诸多法律或技术上的障碍和困惑,以及对贪污贿赂犯罪处理上宽严失衡客观情况的存在,都给全面贯彻宽严相济刑事政策造成了困惑和尴尬,因此,完善关于贪污贿赂犯罪的刑罚规范,并修改程序法以提高侦查机关依法打击贪污贿赂犯罪能力,将反腐败斗争纳入法治化轨道,同时完善反贪工作中运用宽严相济刑事政策的相关工作机制,成为贯彻宽严相济刑事政策的主要途径。     

依法反腐是提高执政能力的重要标志

执政党要维持对社会的统治,需要依靠掌握一定权力的大批官员,但少数官员又存在着以权谋私,变质为腐败分子的危险。因此,如何与腐败官员作斗争,关系到执政党的生死存亡,是对其执政能力的严重考验。而依靠法律制度来预防和反对腐败官员,是被历史证明了的最有效的手段。所以,我们辨别一个执政党的执政能力是否提高,有没有制订和实施惩治、预防腐败官员的法律制度是一个重要的标志。