商标淡化下的侵权问题现状调研报告

实务中有很多商标淡化侵权的案件,但是目前立法上并没有关于淡化侵权构成要件的规定,只是规定了驰名商标的跨类保护。文章在对商标淡化行为定性的基础上,进一步讨论淡化侵权的构成要件,通过国外立法的研究提出我国关于此类问题的完善意见。     

涉互联网不正当竞争纠纷典型案例

正案例一:杜邦公司诉北京国网信息有限责任公司侵犯商标权及不正当竞争纠纷案。本案是我国首例认定未经许可恶意将他人驰名商标注册为域名构成不正当竞争的生效判决。该案的审理原则被最高人民法院于2001年颁布的《关于审理涉及计算机网络域名民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》予以采纳。原告是椭圆字体"DU PONT"商标的专用权人,被告注册了域名"dupont.     

审理网络知识产权案件的几个问题

审理域名与在先注册商标相冲突的案件中对驰名商标的认定问题。　　对于与域名相冲突的注册商标,法院有权也应该予以认定系争商标是否为驰名商标,以此确定该商标是否可以排斥系争的域名,这是司法具有最终裁量权的具体体现。但是在认定时,应考量以下几个方面：　　其一,因需认定。根据案件的审理需要,考量是否将系争的商标认定为驰名商标。当原告主张其注册商标具有相当知名度,并以此作为排斥被告注册使用的域名的唯一依据时,法院必须审理并作出原告商标是否为驰名商标的认定;当原告在诉讼中仅将其注册商标作为排斥被告侵权行为的一…     

商标淡化侵权构成要件辨析--兼论我国商标淡化侵权的立法完善

商标淡化侵权的构成要件是商标淡化侵权理论的核心内容,学界应当敢于直面在此问题上存在的诸多观念性冲突.各国在确定商标淡化侵权的构成要件时,可以根据其立法背景在驰名商标与著名商标、注册商标与未注册商标的"另类使用"中做出相应的立法选择,但却不应将淡化行为人的主观过错、特定商标被淡化的可能性或者可能造成误认作为商标淡化侵权的构成要件 .我国商标淡化侵权立法完善的主要任务是对<商标法>第52条和<驰名商标认定和保护规定>第 6条和第13条进行修改,同时还应增设商标淡化侵权的例外性条款.     

抢注域名行为及其法律适用

域名本来只是连接到互联网上计算机的地址，但由于电子商务的不断发展和繁荣，域名已经获得了超出它本身的巨大的商誉价值。一些投机分子和不法之徒也乘机将他人商标，特别是驰名商标抢注为域名，并开口向商标权人漫天要价。那么，抢注域名行为究竟有没有侵犯商标权？应该如何适用法律？本文试加探讨，以求教于知识产权界的同仁。 一、抢注域名的含义和构成要件 所谓抢注域名，按照国际商标协会在１９９９年５月召开的关于解决域名抢注问题的会议上提出的定义，是指“出于从他人商标（商业标志）中牟利的恶意注册并出卖域名”的行为。这种行…     

论我国《商标法》驰名商标保护规则的完善

我国《商标法》中的驰名商标规则依然存在诸多认识上的纷争和制度上的疏漏，需要进一步澄清和完善：应该区分禁止注册规则与禁止使用规则，并明确有关注册商标专用权保护的执法措施同时适用于驰名商标；需要解决长期以来对《商标法》第13条中的“误导公众”究竟是针对制止“跨类混淆”还是制止“跨类淡化”的争议，放弃令人误解的“误导公众”的含糊表述，并不再就“跨类混淆”作出规定；在驰名商标反淡化保护上，不再以该商标是否已经注册为标准对未注册驰名商标加以区别对待；应明确反淡化保护规则也可以适用于他人在相同或类似商品或服务上复制、摹仿、翻译驰名商标或者不正当利用驰名商标声誉的行为；没有必要在立法上就反淡化保护特别要求该驰名商标为“广大公众”所熟知。     

浅析未注册驰名商标的国际保护问题——以iPad商标权纠纷案为例

2012年由广东省高级人民法院审理的案件——美国苹果公司与深圳唯冠公司的平板电脑i Pad商标纠纷案早已落下了帷幕,但该案所产生的问题依然值得我们深思:一是对国外驰名而未在国内注册的商标是否应突破地域性限制而予以保护;二是国外驰名商标在驰名前其他人已在国内注册是否也应对国外驰名商标所有人给予商标权的保护。对于这两个问题,应该在立法中加以修改和完善。     

商标淡化理论与立法探析

作为一种立场选择,立法者将驰名商标淡化纳入商标侵权行为之列,而将其他商标(包括著名商标)淡化排斥在外,其理念基础是驰名商标内含有较为丰富的价值。判定驰名商标淡化既不需要考虑淡化行为人的主观过错,也不需要考察驰名商标是否存在被淡化的可能性,而只需考察驰名商标是否被“另类使用”。我国商标淡化立法需要在商标淡化的性质评判、法律后果以及特殊情形等方面予以完善。     

试论网络环境下驰名商标的淡化及反淡化保护

驰名商标保护制度是知识产权制度的重要组成部分。随着网络的蓬勃发展,对驰名商标的侵犯延伸到了网络环境中。网络环境下驰名商标的淡化,主要体现为域名使用与驰名商标权利冲突及网页上使用驰名商标图形、文字而引起争议等两种形态。面对这种挑战,传统的商标法律制度不足以完整、充分保护驰名商标,需要建立新的反淡化保护制度。     

我国现行法律对域名纠纷的解决和完善

域名与商标的纠纷最早产生于１９９５年左右 ,随着互联网的进一步发展 ,这种纠纷越演越烈 ,引起各国的深度关注。我国域名纠纷最早产生于１９９６年下半年到１９９７年初 ,比发达国家晚一年左右 ,到目前有关域名与商标争议的现象大量存在 ,一些有一定知名度的商标在互联网上纷纷被他人抢先注册为域名 ,这些纠纷严重地考验着现行的法律体制。一、中国已结及未结域名纠纷案例回顾中国的“域名注册纠纷第一案”是广东科龙（容声）集团有限公司（原告）诉广东新会永安制衣厂（被告）注册Ｋｅｌｏｎ域名”案（“ＫＥＬＯＮ”系国家工商行政管理局…     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.     

论述二十世纪九十年代美国的犯罪问题

在20世纪90年代,犯罪已成为美国社会所面临的一个严峻的问题。集团、枪支、烈性酒、毒品是引发犯罪的重要因素。各类犯罪影响了美国社会的正常秩序,给受害者带来了物质和精神上的痛苦。研究20世纪90年代美国的犯罪问题可以为我国今天打击、预防犯罪提供一些借鉴。