权力清单:“政府法治论”的一个实践

行政法理论基础是一个“具有浓郁原创性的命题”,而权力清单制度则是一个极具中国特色的行政法制度.运用行政法理论基础去分析解剖权力清单制度,不仅可以进一步夯实该制度的理论基础,丰富我国行政法学理论研究的内容,而且还可以进一步检验行政法理论基础相关学说的生命力.从实践来看,权力清单制度不仅充分体现了“政府法治论”所主张的民主政府、有限政府、高效政府、责任政府、平民政府等内容,而且也为“政府法治论”走向实证提供了极好的样本.     

推动我国行政法治事业的又一部力作--评杨海坤、章志远著《中国行政法基本理论研究》

杨海坤、章志远在其专著<中国行政法基本理论研究>中,站在中国法治与宪政思想的高度回顾了20世纪80年代以来我国行政法学的发展状况,对二十多年来行政法治建设过程中一系列主要的理论问题和实际问题进行了专题探讨,并在吸收国内外最新行政法学研究成果的同时,创造性地阐发了中国行政法的基本理论.该书是一部集专业性、理论性、继承性和创造性,既有广度又有深度的研究型学术专著,体现了我国行政法学与时俱进的生命力,反映了目前我国行政法学研究的新水平.     

“政府法治论”的时代价值

在我国行政法学中具有重大影响的“政府法治论”通过不断地修正和发展,其所涵盖的五个方面与当下我国正在努力建设的法治政府之间具有高度的契合性.这一理论对法治政府建设的指导作用主要表现在明晰法治政府内涵的方向指引、立法规制与行政自制相结合的路径选择、行政程序与救济程序顺畅衔接的程序保障三个方面.     

时代缩影与历史传承:行政法治的一个备忘录——西政行政法学科60年

学科史研究的价值在于更好地规划未来。在"两条线索、三个参数"这一新的学科史研究方法的指导下对西南政法大学行政法学科进行分析后发现,西南政法大学行政法学科为我国行政法的发展做出了重要贡献,同时也是我国行政法治发展的一个缩影。1953年,西南政法大学首开行政法课程,行政法学科萌芽。1982年,西南政法大学行政法学科在全国率先开始了中国行政法学的探索。此后,该学科不断涌现出出色的学术成果。学科成员在完成科研任务的同时,也积极参与着行政法治的实践。西南政法大学行政法学科不仅在新中国成立后较早开设行政法课程,同时也是最早探索中国行政法学的学科建设的院校之一。建设者在进行行政法教学与科研的同时,也积极践行着行政法治理想。     

深入研究行政法的理论与实践——中国法学会行政法研究会1996年年会开幕词

深入研究行政法的理论与实践——中国法学会行政法研究会１９９６年年会开幕词罗豪才一年一度的行政学年会秉承学术研讨的传统，每次就行政法学领域内的一个重点课题进行热烈、深入的研究和深讨。今年的主题则是“行政法治的理论与实践”，这是行政法学的一个“热点”和“...     

法治政府建设面临的新挑战

马怀德教授是中国政法大学副校长、教授、博士生导师，中国法学会行政法学研究会副会长，北京市法治政府研究基地主任，我国首位行政诉讼法博士。他曾赴美国耶鲁大学、波士顿大学，澳大利亚悉尼大学、墨尔本大学做访问学者，在行政法学和法理学研究上有很深的学术造诣。他长期从事行政法学、行政诉讼法和行政许可法的研究和教学，曾出版了《行政法制度建构与判例研究》《国家赔偿法的理论与实务》《行政许可》等40余部学术专著，     

市场经济条件下行政法学的新视野

当代中国社会正处于转型过程之中 ,在市场经济条件下政府职能的转变、政府机构改革以及对行政法基本理论研究的深入可能引起行政法学的基本概念和理论体系革命性变革。现代行政是一种“民主行政、法治行政、服务行政、科学行政” ,这是市场经济条件下“行政”的基本内涵。它决定了今后我们需要一个什么样的行政法 ,也决定了行政法的发展方向。     

行政主体的义务范畴研究

行政主体的义务范畴是一个非常重要的行政法学理论问题,在现代法治政府之下政府行政系统的责任越来越突出,“责任政府”概念也成了政治学、行政法以及行政法学解释相关问题的基本概念。在责任政府这一现代理论的指导下,行政主体对公民、社会、国家承担义务就自然而然地成了行政法治以及行政法理论的核心问题,与之相对应,行政主体义务的基本范畴就成了近年来各国行政法学关注的热点问题。行政主体应具有推行宪法和法律,接受立法和司法监督,改善社会环境和促进社会发展,使国内事务与国际事务接轨等宪法义务;具有为行政相对人提供利益和保护,为行政行为说明理由和承担赔偿责任等行政法义务。     

行政基本法典的属性辨析

在经历法典化呼吁和模式论争后，行政法学应当转向行政基本法典属性研究，夯实法典编纂的理论共识。近二十年来，行政自制取向的政府治理体系改革成就斐然，为行政基本法典的记载和宣示奠定了智识基础，也为行政基本法典继续引领改革提供了坚实依据。行政法律适用标准不统一是当下法治实施领域的突出问题，行政执法和行政审判自身的矫正机制功能颇为有限，唯有编纂行政基本法典才能为统一法律适用提供权威依据。民法典和法治社会建设纲要为法治一体建设构筑了初步规范体系，基于法治政府建设的示范带动效应，作为助推法治一体建设基础规范的行政基本法典编纂尤为迫切。在回溯历史、观照当下和展望未来三重法治语境中辨析行政基本法典的属性，能够回答行政法法典化的中国之问和时代之问。     

构建中国自主的行政法学知识体系——《行政法学研究》创刊三十年的理论脉络与初心使命

《行政法学研究》创刊于1993年，至今已走过三十年历程。三十年的发文内容恰是中国自主的行政法学知识体系演进发展的缩影。通过纵览三十年的发文，我们能够了解中国行政法治三十年的发展历程、剖析行政法治发展特点。三十年来，中国行政法学在行政法基础理论、行政主体理论、行政行为理论、行政程序理论、行政救济理论等方面均取得重大发展与突破。中国行政法学呈现出紧跟立法实践，适时反哺立法实践、追踪司法实践，弥合理论实践隔阂、评估行政实践，探索行政法治进路、洞悉时事政策，及时回应时代需求、发掘域外经验，借鉴精华开拓创新、加强部门对话，拓宽行政法学疆域、更新研究方法，丰富理论研究路径、寻求制度自信，逐步形成中国特色等特点。站在新的节点上，我们对未来行政法学在行政法基础理论的更新、数字法治政府建设、行政法法典化进路与归宿的探索和涉外行政法治发展等方面有了新的展望，希冀进一步完善中国自主的行政法学知识体系。     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.     

论述二十世纪九十年代美国的犯罪问题

在20世纪90年代,犯罪已成为美国社会所面临的一个严峻的问题。集团、枪支、烈性酒、毒品是引发犯罪的重要因素。各类犯罪影响了美国社会的正常秩序,给受害者带来了物质和精神上的痛苦。研究20世纪90年代美国的犯罪问题可以为我国今天打击、预防犯罪提供一些借鉴。