外观设计专利的使用与制造的界限

一、据以论述的实际案例1 原告:江苏好孩子集团公司(下称好孩子公司)。 被告:江阴市精品商厦有限公司(下称精品商厦)。 被告:上海大阿福童车有限责任公司(下称大阿福公司)。 被告:上海福祥儿童用品有限公司(下称福祥     

论"物权属于绝对权"与"物权具有绝对性"的区别

在我国民法学界,人们往往将绝对性与绝对权,相对性与相对权相等同,将"物权属于绝对权"与"物权具有绝对性"相混淆,导致了逻辑上的混乱,造成了理论上的错误.实际上,"物权属于绝对权"与"物权具有绝对性"是不同的两个命题,不能混淆.     

“自然”与“自然法”概念的古今之异——关于自然法学术史的一个初步反思

古典时代的自然法学说与近代的自然权利学说存在本质上的差异，这是由于对“自然“一词的古今理解不同导致的。古典时代的自然法是关于人本性的法则，是与形而上学不可分离的，近代以来的自然权利说是一种革命性的政治理论，与形而上学和人的本性没有必然联系。二战后对极权主义的反思导致了古典自然法的复兴。     

检务公开的差序格局

检务公开，是指检察机关依法向诉讼参与人和社会公众公开与检察职务相关的不涉及国家秘密和个人隐私等有关的活动和事项。检务公开活动作为一项司法实践，既是顺应司法程序透明化的需要，也是基于程序价值判断所进行的理性选择。     

论司法会计理论与舞弊审计理论的分野——兼谈“法务会计”的误解

司法会计理论与舞弊审计理论分属不同学科。介绍中外将司法会计理论与舞弊审计理论的混同情况,探明中外形成＂混同理论＂的不同原因,并重点介绍了中国学界将司法会计理论与舞弊审计理论进行分野的研究成果,指出由于司法会计活动与舞弊审计活动性质不同的两类社会活动,两者理论的混同会导致社会实践的错误,最终会对中国的司法会计事业和审计事业带来危害。同时,揭示了＂法务会计＂理论出于国外＂混同理论＂的来源,分析了＂法务会计＂研究者对司法会计理论的误解。     

试论“占有”之区别——兼论封缄物的刑法属性

刑法和民法在许多方面存在着根本性的区别,但是某些区别在表象上却并不明显,占有制度即是表现之一.较之于民法,刑法更注重社会整体利益的保护,因此占有制度中对占有意思的要求较低,而更注重于占有的事实存在及客观方面的表现.具体到封缄物特别是不易打开的封缄物上,出于权利救济以及观念占有的刑法排除等方面的考虑,应承认受托者对封缄物包装和内容的事实占有,并对共同占有和占有辅助进行个案认定.     

司法考试与区域差异

司法考试全国统一,从理论上讲是合理的,但实际效果却不一定合理.北京与青海由于法学教育资源的差异导致司法考试结果的巨大差异.这种人才的"马太效应"使得北京与青海司法人才的差距增大.要解决这个司法考试地区差异问题,就要在司法考试设计上考虑到地区的差异,对西部地区在教育资源等给予更多的扶持.从现阶段看还要适当考虑西部地区司法考试地区命题和适当降低报名的学历标准,使得有更多的符合<法官法>要求的法官在西部地区法院工作.     

盗窃与抢夺的界限

从"秘密与公开"角度区分盗窃与抢夺的观点与做法存在诸多缺陷;盗窃是以非法占有为目的,违反被害人的意志,采取平和的手段,将他人占有的财物转移为自己或者第三者占有的行为;盗窃行为既可以具有秘密性,也可以具有公开性;以对物暴力的方式强夺他人紧密占有的财物,具有致人伤亡可能性的行为,才构成抢夺罪;盗窃与抢夺的区别在于对象是否属于他人紧密占有的财物,行为是否构成对物暴力.     

刑事不法与行政不法的差异：量差说的辩护与拓展

“质·量差异”理论原本是形塑行政罚与刑罚关系的立法政策理论，若作为解释理论框架，应当先明确刑事不法与行政不法的实在法差异以及这种差异背后的立法理念。行政犯的规范结构以及“行刑衔接”的制裁模式，反映刑事不法与行政不法的确是一种量差关系。量差格局的出现，根源于立法者采取的量差立法理念，即根据行为轻重不同“阶段性”地分配力度不同的两种处罚。具体到应用层面，量差说具有限制行政犯成立范围的“双向”解释机能，一方面明确行政犯的限制解释方向，另一方面明确应当根据行政犯的构成要件来反向制约行政不法的构成；而且，结合犯罪论的基本原理，还可以发现量差说具有树立理想的行政犯类型的立法指导机能。     

Why Fair Procedures Always Make a Difference

Section 31(2A) of the Senior Courts Act 1981 (as inserted by the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015) requires judges to refuse relief in judicial review of administrative decisions if it is ‘highly likely’ that the conduct complained of did not make a significant difference to the outcome of the decision. The strongest justification for this ‘Makes No Difference’ principle is provided by a ‘narrow instrumental view’ of fair procedures, according to which their value lies only in their producing the correct outcome. This conception of procedural fairness, however, is impoverished and flawed as a matter of political morality. Fair procedures reflect a conception of citizens as participants in their own governance and play an important communicative role in democratic legal orders. Inasmuch as it leaves no room for these aspects of the value of fair procedures, the Makes No Difference principle embodied in section 31(2A) is pro tanto unjust.     

试论比喻的异质原则

比喻的本体和喻体必须是本质不同的事物。修辞教学中产生比喻划界上的不同意见，大多源于对“异质原则”的不同理解。本提出辩证地理解比喻的异质原则。即判断本体和喻体是否同类，不可拘泥于简单的自然类属，必须具体分析作设喻时选择的事物属性；本体和喻体的关系，从完全不同类到同类，是渐变的连续过渡，在中间地带很难绝然划分；本体和喻体的自然类属相同时，对本体是否有艺术表现力，可以成为辨识比喻的重要标准。     

“良贱之别”与社会演进——略论唐宋明清时期的贱民及其法律地位的演变

引言 “尊尊之中,寓贵贵之义”。著名的社会学家费孝通先生也曾用“差序格局”几个字来形容中国古代社会。中国的传统社会是一个严格的等级社会,君臣、父子、夫妇、男女、上下、贵贱之间,莫不有严格的分际和分野。“贱”在中国古代的社会等级中有两重含义,一是“贵贱”之“贱”。四民当中,贵者为士,农工商则是相对的“贱业”;二是“良贱”之“贱”,四民为良,四民以下为“贱民”。中国很早时候就有“士农工商”     

Difference as a Potential for European Constitution Making

Abstract:  This article examines the hypothesis that the impact of difference of ideas and interests on European constitution making can, under certain conditions, be a positive potential for legitimate and effective constitution making. The prerequisite conditions include actors that take differences seriously, structures of constitution making that are suitable for recognising differences, and processes of constitution making in which actors deal with differences in a democratic and communicative way. The analytical approach will be applied to the European Convention. Two case studies concerning the Convention's work will be examined: the process of decision-making that led to the protocol on national parliaments and the decision-making process concerning a permanent president of the European Council. Both case studies give evidence that the way in which members of the Convention were dealing with difference influenced the degree to which the positive potential of difference was activated for a legitimate and effective European constitutional treaty.     

Thinking Sexual Difference Through the Law of Rape

2013 marks 10 years since the Sexual Offences Act 2003 was passed. That Act made significant changes to the law of rape which appear now to have made very little difference to reporting, prosecution or conviction rates. This article argues that the Act has failed against its own measures because it remains enmeshed within a conceptual framework of sexual indifference in which woman continues to be constructed as man’s (defective) other. This construction both constricts the frame in which women’s sexuality can be thought and distorts the harm of rape for women. It also continues woman’s historic alienation from her own nature and denies her entitlement to a becoming in line with her own sexuate identity. Using Luce Irigaray’s critical and constructive frameworks, the article seeks to imagine how law might ‘cognise’ sexual difference and thus take the preliminary steps to a juridical environment in which women can more adequately understand and articulate the harm of rape.