41例具有危害行为的精神发育迟滞者司法精神病鉴定分析

目的探讨精神发育迟滞者发生危害行为的相关因素. 方法对1992至2001年司法精神病鉴定为精神发育迟滞的危害行为人41例进行分析. 结果精神发育迟滞者发生危害行为的以盗窃占首位,凶杀、纵火次之,多见于家庭监护能力差、明显受社会歧视的30岁以下的未婚青年男性. 结论精神发育迟滞者引起违法行为是社会不安定的因素之一,应尽快建立健全相关的法律法规,确实加强监护、管理.     

44例精神病违法者的纵火行为分析

目的 探讨精神障碍者纵火行为及相关因素之特征。方法 分析４４例精神障碍者的纵火行为。结果 纵火以青壮年男性为主,精神分裂症是精神障碍中最常见的病种,其次是精神发育迟滞及人格障碍。结论本研究提示,只有加强防范才能避免精神障碍者纵火案件发生。     

44例精神病违法者的纵火行为分析

目的探讨精神障碍者纵火行为及相关因素之特征。方法分析４４例精神障碍者的纵火行为。结果纵火以青壮年男性为主,精神分裂症是精神障碍中最常见的病种,其次是精神发育迟滞及人格障碍。结论本研究提示,只有加强防范才能避免精神障碍者纵火案件发生     

精神发育迟滞者的刑事责任能力评定

本文对８０例精神发育迟滞有违法行为者的智力缺损程度、犯案动机、预谋、自我保护能力及对行为的辨认、控制能力等因素进行分析。鉴定结论，诊断为轻度精神发育迟滞者５８例（７２．５％），中度者１７例（２１．３％），重度者５例（６．２％）。评定无责任能力者１３例（１６．３％），限制责任能力４５例（５６．２％），完全责任能力２２例（２７．５％）。     

与精神发育迟滞病人发生性关系该如何认定

强奸罪指违背妇女意志,使用暴力、胁迫或者其他手段,强行与妇女发生性交的行为,或者故意与不满14周岁的幼女发生性关系的行为。本文通过对一个案例的解析,简要说明了与精神发育迟滞病人发生性关系该如何认定问题。     

社会功能评价在精神发育迟滞患者性侵害案中的应用

目的探讨社会功能水平在精神发育迟滞患者性自我防卫能力评定中的作用。方法对性侵害案中125例符合CCMD-3精神发育迟滞诊断标准的性受害者采用自编法医精神病学鉴定案例登记表收集一般资料,使用韦氏智力测试量表(WAIS-RC)、成人智残评定量表和功能大体量表(GAF)进行评定。结果不同等级的性自我防卫能力的患者在职业、婚姻、文化程度、性知识及生育史等方面有显著差异。成人智残评定量表、大体功能评定量表(GAF)、智商(IQ)和鉴定诊断的一致性(Kappa值)分为0.710、0.661、0.494,三者和性自我防卫能力的一致率分为0.538、0.472、0.316。结论不能仅用智商来确定精神发育迟滞患者的性自我防卫能力的水平,应充分重视社会功能在性自我防卫能力评定中的作用。     

精神病人限定刑事责任能力评定量表在精神发育迟滞违法者中的运用

目的探讨精神病人限定刑事责任能力评定量表（Diminished Criminal Responsibility Rating Scale,DCRRS）在精神发育迟滞违法者司法鉴定中的运用。方法多中心收集121例被评定为限定刑事责任能力的精神发育迟滞违法者资料,完成量表评定,同时将限定刑事责任能力进行小部分、部分、大部分三级划分。结果小部分组、部分组、大部分组量表评定总分的平均分依次升高,分别为22.12±4.69、25.50±5.48、27.59±5.69,差异具有统计学意义;量表中17个条目的评定分与总分相关,相关系数0.289～0.665;因子分析得到6个因子,能解释69.392%变异。结论DCRRS内部构建合理,在精神发育迟滞者司法鉴定中,其评定总分能在一定程度上反映三级限定刑事责任能力之间的差异。     

500例精神发育迟滞患者司法鉴定资料分析

目的探讨精神发育迟滞的作案类型及涉案特点。方法:收集7年来在我所进行司法精神病鉴定的病例资料2609份,选择其中为精神发育迟滞的的病例进行归纳分析。结果男女之比为1:1.42。性犯罪占首位348例(69.6%)。男女智力差异显著(P<0.01),女性智力明显落后。男性发案率依次为强奸、纵火、盗窃、抢劫、杀人等,以轻、中度精神发育迟滞为主。女性发案率以被强奸突出,且未成年、中重度精神发育迟滞为主。结论我所精神发育迟滞的鉴定案件中以刑事案件为主,性犯罪占首位,男女智力水平及发案率明显不同。     

损伤与疾病一第八讲 损伤与精神疾病

损伤与疾病一第八讲损伤与精神疾病吴军（司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所；上海Ｚ０００６３）ｌ概述精神疾病或称精神障碍，是指以精神活动异常为主要临床表现，其病因、预后与精神因素相关，包括精神病、神经症、精神发育迟滞等疾病．损伤时精神疾病是指人体受到各种机械...     

论间接故意和过于自信的过失的界限

行为人对危害结果的意志有三种情况:希望不发生(积极肯定法益)、希望发生(消极否定法益)与放任。间接故意是指行为人明知自己的行为可能发生危害社会的结果,并且放任这种结果发生的心理态度。过于自信的过失则是指行为人已经预见到自己的行为可能发生危害社会的结果,但轻信能够避免,以致发生这种结果的心理态度。判断二者的界限,应以意志因素为主,认识因素为辅,结合容忍理论、防果理论、盖然理论综合判断。     

Perceived criteria used by criminal justice and mental health professionals to predict dangerous behavior of mentally ill persons

A group of 163 Colorado mental health and criminal justice professionals were asked to rate the effectiveness of a set of predictors of violent behavior for mentally ill persons. Violent behavior and the characteristics of the offense were rated highest, followed by mental health and social factors respectively. Little variation existed between mental health and criminal justice groups with respect to which predictors were perceived as important. The rankings of the dangerous behavior predictors by criminal justice and mental health workers were highly correlated, suggesting agreement between the groups. A moderate correlation was found for the rankings of mental illness predictors. These factors were similar to those identified in previous research. Both groups perceived their predictors to be accurate.     

智能障碍者凶杀伤害案例的司法鉴定分析

智能障碍的犯罪行为，在司法精神疾病鉴定中占有重要的地位。本文通过对３２例智能障碍者凶杀伤害犯罪鉴定案例的回顾性研究，对其特征性因素进行分析，发现在多个因素中，作案动机、有否预谋、智能障碍程度、社会适应能力以及自我保护能力是法定能力评定的主要参考因素。职业特点、性格特征、既往病史、伴随疾病是次要参考因素。提示其犯罪行为的实施不是单一因素形成的，而是多方面因素作用的结果。     

智障康复民间组织社区融合中利益双赢模式的构建

社区融合是智障人士社区康复模式中极为重要的指导理念之一.智障康复民间组织因其自身能力的局限性和诸多客观因素的现实影响,其在社区融合过程中往往会存在一定的利益冲突.本文以利益分析为视角,对智障康复民间组织在社区融合过程中的利益冲突及其产生的原因进行分析并提出建议,即建构"利益双赢模式"是实现智障康复民间组织社区融合的必然途径.     

Characteristics of mentally retarded criminal offenders in Northern Taiwan

The characteristics and criminal behavior in mentally retarded individuals remain largely unstudied. This retrospective study sought to establish a set of reference of criminal behavior characteristics in an ethnic Chinese mentally retarded group. Data were collected from forensic psychiatric evaluation of 32 mentally retarded offenders. Of the 32 offenders, only four (12.5%) cases were female. Mean age at the time of the offenses was 31. By IQ testing, 23 (71.9%) of the group fell into the mild mental retardation range, seven (21.9%) into the moderate mental retardation range, and two (6.2%) into the severe mental retardation range. Nineteen (59.3%) of the group also suffered from additional mental disorder. Eight (25%) had definite neurological deficit. Fourteen (43.8%) were repeat offenders. A total of 24 (75%) of the offenders had committed crimes against property, with 13 having committed petty theft. Furthermore, the pattern of offending shows differences from that of the general population or other mental disorders. The property offenses, especially petty theft and arson, were frequently seen. There was no noteworthy above average frequency of sexual offenses.     

女精神病人的性防卫能力鉴定

目的　研究女性精神病人性防卫能力的特点和司法鉴定中应该注意的问题 ;方法　对过去 1 0年间鉴定过的 64例案例进行回顾总结 ;结果　性防卫能力丧失最常见于年轻的衰退期青春型精神分裂症病人、中度以上精神发育迟滞病人、首次发病的年轻轻型躁狂症病人 ,而其他类型的精神病人不容易发生性防卫能力丧失。结论　严重的智能障碍和情感障碍对于精神病人的性防卫能力的丧失有决定性作用 ;而且 ,病人对性行为的控制能力障碍对精神病人性防卫能力丧失有重要影响作用     

Matching consequences to behavior: implications of failing to distinguish between noncompliance and nonresponsivity

Neither punitive nor therapeutic approaches alone are effective at addressing the dual public health and public safety concerns associated with managing criminal behavior perpetrated by people who have psychiatric and substance use disorders. The optimal solution may instead require the integration of both criminal justice supervision and treatment. Using problem-solving courts (PSCs) as a model, we focus on one dimension of this integrated approach, distinguishing between behavior that stems from willful noncompliance with supervision and behavior that results from nonresponsivity to treatment. First, we discuss the public health and public safety consequences of using singular approaches to address the criminal behavior of this population. We then present lessons learned from PSCs that distinguish between noncompliant and nonresponsive behaviors in making treatment and supervision decisions. Finally, we consider how the concepts of nonresponsivity and noncompliance may be extended, via policy, to probation and parole settings as well as mental health and substance abuse treatment services outside the criminal justice setting in order to enhance public health and safety.     

SUPERVISION REGIMES,RISK, AND OFFICIAL REACTIONS TO PAROLEE DEVIANCE*

Parolee deviance has emerged as a central issue in policy debates about crime and punishment in American society as well as in scholarship on “mass incarceration.” Although the prevailing approach to studying parolees conceives of parole violations as outcomes of individual propensities toward criminal behavior (i.e., criminogenic risk), we consider how indicators of individual risk and characteristics of formal social control systems combine to account for reported parole violations. Using data on California parolees, we examine the effects of parolees’ personal characteristics, their criminal histories, and the social organization of supervision on parole violations. We advance the notion of a “supervision regime”—a legal and organizational structure that shapes the detection and reporting of parolee deviance. Three components of a supervision regime are explored: 1) the intensity of supervision, 2) the capacity of the regime to detect parolee deviance, and 3) the tolerance of parole officials for parolee deviance. We find that personal characteristics and offense histories are predictive of parole violations. However, we also find that introducing supervision factors reduces the effects of offense history variables on violation risk, suggesting that the violation risks of serious, violent, and sexual offenders are partially explainable through the heightened supervision to which they are subject. In addition, we find that supervision intensity and tolerance are generally predictive of violation risk. Capacity effects are present but weak. We conclude with a discussion of how the supervision regimes concept illuminates the gap between macro‐ and micro‐analyses of social control.