现行反垄断法中关于行政垄断的几个问题

要保护市场竞争，既要反对经济垄断，又要反对行政垄断。反垄断法对行政垄断的构成、形式范围、救济与责任等问题作了规定。立法对行政垄断构成的规定相对比较科学，但其他方面的规定尚有待进一步完善。     

《中华人民共和国反垄断法》析评

我国反垄断法规定了禁止垄断协议、禁止滥用市场支配地位、控制经营者集中、反对行政垄断等制度。我国经济体制转型尚未彻底完成，反垄断法也存在很多不足，反垄断执法初期在立法目的、执法机关、反对行政垄断、处理反垄断执法与行业监管的关系方面会遇到严峻挑战。颁布反垄断法只是反垄断立法的第一步。     

行政垄断问题辨析

行政垄断应成为反垄断法的调整对象。这不仅可以通过对行政垄断的法律调控的历史考察得出结 论,并且的基本原则和实践措施也反对行政垄断。同时,中国的反垄断法对行政垄断进行规范时应该注意其本身WTO的特点。     

论规制行政垄断的我国《反垄断法》特色——兼论行政垄断的政治与经济体制根源

我国《反垄断法》对行政垄断的明确规定是对反垄断法理论体系的贡献,也是反垄断法的特色所在。笔者考察了行政垄断在中国的滋生土壤,分析了中国基本政治经济制度对行政垄断的决定性影响,并对财税和干部考核等具体制度进行了分析。目前,行政垄断与西方发达市场经济国家存在显著区别。     

行政性垄断才是反垄断的重点

据《海峡都市报》载,酝酿了近20年的《反垄断法》,如今又面临新的变数——尽管《反垄断法》已列入全国人大常委会2006年度的立法计划,但据参与这部法律起草工作的人士透露,在最近一次草案修改中,“禁止滥用行政权力限制竞争”一章被整体删除。即将出台的《反垄断法》或许会成为一部专注于反经济性垄断的法律。笔者认为,制定一部仅针对反经济性垄断的《反垄断法》,就丧失了《反垄断法》作为法律的基本属性。中国的垄断现象其实质咎于行政体制,即行政垄断,如果《反垄断法》不写入反对行政垄断的内容,那么该法案的     

略论行政垄断的反垄断法规制

行政垄断是因国家行政权力的滥用,而造成限制竞争、排斥竞争的一种垄断现象。行政垄断因其发生的原因,其危害甚于其他垄断行为。故此,行政垄断受到各国反垄断法的禁止。2007年颁布的《中华人民共和国反垄断法》更是专章规制行政垄断。虽然《反垄断法》对行政垄断作出了规制,但是呈现手段单一,内容模糊等不足。欧美和日本的反垄断法有较为成熟多样的规制方法。因此本文试图通过对行政垄断的学理研究并结合欧美、日本等国的反垄断法的规定,简单要地阐述关于规制我国行政垄断的方法。     

简论我国反垄断法的任务

简论我国反垄断法的任务泉欣，丽华市场经济国家必须有反垄断法。反垄断法的任务，就是为了保护竞争而反对垄断。在现代市场经济中，垄断与竞争并存，并且彼此冲突和兼容，因而不能把反对垄断只理解为禁止垄断；对于在经济规律的支配下禁而不止的垄断来说，法律的任务更多...     

规制行政垄断任重道远

历时十三载而终获通过的《反垄断法》必将对中国的反垄断事业产生深远影响。反垄断，既要反经济垄断，又要反行政垄断，而后者对当下的中国，更具紧迫感和现实意义。虽然该法对不正当的行政垄断进行了必要的规制，然而，我们不无遗憾的看到，在行政垄断的适用范围、法律责任、相关机构设置等方面仍有不足之处亟需完善。     

反垄断法基本制度比较研究——反行政垄断研究

我国是一个从计划经济向市场经济转变的国家,行政垄断大量存在。政府不正当地利用行政权力干预市场,破坏了自由竞争。我国新出台的《反垄断法》专章对行政垄断进行了规制。本文在阐述了行政垄断的含义及特点、行政垄断的现状与危害,参考了国外的反行政垄断的实践和经验,对我国新出台的反垄断法关于行政垄断的规制进行了评析。     

行政性限制竞争行为的法律规制

行政垄断是我国《反垄断法》立法过程中颇有争议的难题。以往对该问题的研究仅局限于将其视为我国反垄断法特有的问题 ,事实上 ,反对行政性限制竞争行为是各国反垄断法都可能面临的任务 ,更是经济体制转轨国家反垄断法的重要任务和特色。文章在深入剖析反垄断法对行政性限制竞争行为进行规范的必要性、合理性的基础上 ,就我国反垄断法如何规范行政性限制竞争行为提出了具体的、可操作性的立法建议。     

反行政垄断初探

在我国行政垄断的危害性甚于经济垄断。行政垄断的负效应严重阻碍着社会主义市场经济的发展和完善,直接影响着我国作为WTO成员方义务的履行效果。对当前我国经济生活中行政垄断的现状、成因、危害和规制问题进行了初步的分析和探讨。对如何制定反垄断法,以有效规制行政垄断等问题提出了看法。     

"行政垄断"纳入我国《反垄断法》的必要性

行政垄断是我国目前主要的垄断形式,行政垄断严重地影响了市场主体的自由竞争,破坏了统一市场的形成,阻碍了我国完善的市场经济体制的建立.我国应依法制止行政垄断,在我国将来的反垄断法中规制行政垄断行为本身就是我国进行的一个重要的体制改革举措.     

我国《反垄断法》对行政垄断的规制

《反垄断法》堪称为我国的经济宪法,它的颁布和实施,对市场的规则及经济的发展起着重要的作用,在中国经济法发展史上具有里程碑意义。但引人注目的是《反垄断法》几经周折最终还是把行政垄断写进了法律。法律本身具有天然的不完备性,具体到《反垄断法》则主要体现在对行政垄断的规制上。剖析意在理论与实践中对其予以探讨和修正,最终实现市场主体的合法诉求。     

How Chinese enterprises live in freedom,competition under the rule of law —on the current changes of Corporate Law and Competition Law in China1

China has thoroughly amended its corporate law and hastens to formulate an anti-monopoly law. To rebound then deny the planned economy once adopted, China firmly practices marketization reform. However, common-recognized rules haven t taken shape without sufficient gaming and, lots of quick introduced legislations are only superficial provisions. As the trend of corporate legal system in developed countries, freedom and responsibility are the two contraries but not contradictory directions during the recent reform of China s corporate law. One is deregulation, e.g., introducing one-person company and the transition from approval system to registration system for the establishment of a company; while the other is adding various provisions of responsibility and liability to the Company Law for controlling shareholders, actual controllers, directors, supervisors and top managers. The Anti-Unfair Competition Law of China not only prescribes unfair competition but also counters monopoly. In general, it mainly focuses on anti-monopoly provisions, to popularize the concept and value of free market, making systematic regulations on any kinds of monopoly. This article reviews its background, process, meaning as well as the problems encountered. As there remains somewhat a mystery that China rapidly develops, it may also reflect a fringe of the reason.     

入世与中国反垄断法的制定

入世后 ,中国政府越来越注重竞争政策和竞争法问题 ,以应对越来越激烈的国内市场竞争和国际市场竞争。中国现行反垄断法规范尚未形成一个系统和完整的反垄断体系 ,对滥用行政权力限制竞争的行为制裁不力 ,缺乏独立的和权威的反垄断执法机关。 2 0 0 2年 2月的反垄断法草案在滥用市场支配地位、企业合并、行政垄断和反垄断执法机关和程序的规定方面存在缺陷。虽然中国制定反垄断法存在压力 ,但是制定反垄断法有利于提高中国企业的竞争力 ,遏制跨国公司的垄断势力和改善国家的财政和宏观调控。     

论互联网平台反垄断的宏观定位——基于政治、政策和法律的分析

反垄断法的定位取决于其独特的价值、目标和功能。反垄断法自始即具有重大的政治经济使命,可以成为有着宏大价值目标和强大经济调整功能的"超级法"。互联网产业在资本、技术和商业模式上的独特性,使平台易于触角广泛和无序扩张,具有反垄断的高关联度。互联网平台反垄断首先要在宏观价值上拓展思路和提高站位,又要积极寻求恰当的法律和经济的技术性路径。我国互联网平台反垄断不能轻言和盲从当今美欧的表面趋势,不汲汲于引领潮流和贡献经验,趋势之下可能掩盖着不同的利益诉求,而要一切服从和服务于我国数字经济的实质性发展利益,既要及时、积极和到位,又要适时、适度和谦抑,并始终以促进我国互联网产业创新发展和提升国际竞争力为目标。互联网平台反垄断应当坚持法治进路,构建相应的规则体系,并确保客观、中立和理性,防止非理性和情绪化。     

论行政垄断之反垄断法律责任

建立以反垄断执法机构为责任追究主体，以行政主体、受保护企业、直接责任人为责任承担主体，以民事、行政、刑事责任综合运用为责任形式的反垄断法律责任体系．是行政垄断规制的重要保障，具体行政垄断行为形成反垄断法律责任与行政法律责任竞合．应择处罚较重的前者适用；抽象行政行为面临反垄断法律责任与违宪责任竞舍，在我国应合并适用．     

反垄断法的经济学分析——兼评中国《反垄断法》的适用和完善

《反垄断法》作为经济法的核心、市场经济国家的基本法律制度,在关国等现代资本主义国家具有悠久的历史,素有“经济宪法”、“市场经济大宪章”之称。我国的市场经济起步较晚,导致适用于现代经济的法律体系构建也比较迟缓和不健全。结合法经济学的理论对我国《反垄断法》适用中的一些问题进行分析,着重以经济学的博弈均衡理论分析行政垄断问题,以此说明经济学分析方法不仅是完善反垄断法律体系的理论基础,而且也是重要的辅助性工具,可以为法律的适用和执行提供新的思路和指引。     

《中华人民共和国反垄断法》析评

The Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China has provided to prohibit monopoly agreements and abuse of dominant market position, control concentration of business operators and fight against administrative monopoly. The transformation of China’s economic system is incomplete, and the Anti-Monopoly Law has many flaws. At the initial stage of enforcing the Anti-Monopoly Law, severe challenges will occur in legislative purposes, enforcement authorities, fighting against administrative monopoly and handling of the relationship between anti-monopoly enforcement and industry supervision. Thus, the promulgation of the Anti-Monopoly Law is only the first step in the legislation on anti-monopoly. Wang Xiaoye held a bachelor’s degree of philosophy from Inner Mongolian Normal University (1981), LL.M. from Renmin University of China (1984) and Doctor Juris magna cum laude from the University Hamburg (1993). Since 1984, she works at the Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). From 1988 to 1993, she studied in Germany based on Max-Planck Institute for Comparative Private Law. As visiting scholar she spent a year at Max-Planck Institute for Comparative Intellectual Property and Competition Law, and a year at Max-Planck Institute for Comparative Social Law in Munich. In 2004, she was invited to the US by the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice. In 2005, she was invited to the European Union Visitors Program, and awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to spend a year at the Chicago-Kent College of Law. Prof. Wang works in the areas of economic law, international economic law, and focuses on competition law. Her publications include: Monopoly and Competition in the Chinese Economy — A conception for merger control in China in view of the American and German practices (J C B Mohr, 1993); Monopoly Problem in the Merger of Enterprises (Law Press, 1996); On Competition Law (China’s Legal Publishing House, 1999); Competition Law of European Community (China’s Legal Publishing House, 2001); Economic Law (Social Sciences Academic Press, 2005); Competition Law (Social Sciences Academic Press, 2007). She also has over 200 papers published in Chinese, German and English languages. Prof. Wang has served as vice president of National Association for Economic Law of China, the head of the Consultant Committee for WTO Trade and Competition Policy of the Ministry of Commerce, and member of the Expert Advisory Board for Anti-Monopoly Legislation of the State Council and the National People’s Congress. In her honor, she once lectured on competition law for the Standing Committee of the Ninth and Tenth People’s Congress. In international academic activities, she is a founding member of Academic Society for Competition Law (ASCOLA) and of the Asian Competition Forum, and member of International Advisory Board of the CUTS C-CIER. She lectured on Chinese law at ABA, IBA, IPBA, ACF, Harvard University, Columbia University, Washington University (St. Louis), New York University, KFTC, Chatham House, LIDC, IDRC and other institutions.