物权变动中第三人保护的基本规则

由于善意取得制度本身的缺陷 ,无法充分保护第三人的利益 ,其保护第三人利益的功能不如公示公信原则周密。物权的公示公信原则与物权行为无因性理论均坚持物权变动须经公示 ,且物权公示具有公信力 ,二者在保护第三人利益方面具有一致性 ,但两者之间无法相互替代。他们具有内在的本质的联系 ,物权行为理论的区分原则和抽象原则为物权变动的公示以及公示的公信力提供了理论依据。应以物权行为无因性理论为基础 ,以公示公信制度为原则 ,以善意取得制度为补充构建我国物权法的第三人保护制度。     

试论我国物权变动的安全制度体系之构建

我国物权变动的安全制度体系应当包括 :承认物权行为理论并予以制度规则体现 ,以满足民法理论完善、缜密以及物权变动安全追求的需要 ;确立公示公信原则 ,以适应市场经济对财产归属与流转安全的要求 ;取消传统的善意取得制度规范并将其精神归缩到公示公信原则之中 ,进而使公示公信原则成为客观统一的物权变动识别制度。这一物权变动的安全制度体系之构建 ,是法律制度本身和谐互补的要求 ,也是市场经济安全、有效运转对法律制度的要求。     

物权公示与公信力原则新论

长期以来 ,物权法理论一般将物权公示理解为物权变动本身的公示 ,即动产以交付、不动产以登记为物权移转、设定过程的公示手段 ,而且认为 ,交付和登记本身具有公信力 ,即一旦完成公示 ,则即产生物权变动效力或对世效力。本文认为 ,物权变动公示只是物权本身公示和公信力的延伸 ,而物权公示是物权权利人向世人公开表明其拥有物权以及第三人据以判断某人享有物权的标志 ;而公信力无非是法律上建立某种公示手段公示的权利为真实权利的一种规则。本文试图阐述这一思想 ,并以此为思路重构作为物权法的基础的公示公信原则     

略论物权变动的公示

略论物权变动的公示温世扬根据公示与公信原则，物权的变动以采取可使外界知晓的方式为必要，亦即物权的变动必须公示于众，这是各国立法的普遍主张。关于物权变动的公示方法、在罗马法上经历了由“曼兮帕蓄”（要式买卖）和“拟诉弃权”的严格仪式到以交付为一般原则的发...     

我国《物权法》与《婚姻法》在调整婚姻家庭财产关系中的适用

2007年我国《物权法》规定了物权公示公信原则和物权变动的基本规则,我国《婚姻法》及其系列司法解释规范了夫妻之间的财产关系,包括法定夫妻财产制和约定夫妻财产制。这两部法律因调整的对象不同、确立的规则不同,所以在适用时产生许多矛盾。在调整夫妻内部的财产关系时,应优先适用《婚姻法》的规定;在调整夫妻与第三人之间的物权关系时,应优先适用《物权法》的规定。随着物权基本法律规范的明确与统一实施,婚姻家庭财产关系在遵守其原本规则的同时也要遵守物权公示公信原则和物权变动的基本规则,以达到两部法律的有序衔接与和谐统一。     

论物权的公示公信原则

关于物权的取得、丧失与变更,各国民法无不实行公示公信制度,对维护物的占有秩序和交易安全均具有重要的意义。本文从物权的公示和公信原则含义入手、对公示公信的关系及价值,以及该原则对不动产物权的适用作了论述。     

物权法基本原则之探讨

物权法的基本原则是贯穿于物权法始终的、反映物权法调整的社会关系的本质和规律的最根本规则。物权是对于物的直接支配的权利,具有绝对、排他的法律属性。因此,从立法技术上考虑,我国物权法已经确定的一物一权、物权法定、物权公示公信这三大基本原则,将对现实的财产分配关系进行准确、有效的调整。     

关于物权变动的三种模式及其分析

物权变动是民法学的重要问题。物权变动作为一种能够引起法律效果的法律要素,自有其独特的构成要件。当下,世界上通采的物权变动模式,主要有三种:其一是意思主义,其二是折中主义,其三是形式主义。不同的物权变动模式,关乎物权变动的法律效果,研究物权变动问题,对于公示、公信原则以及善意取得制度意义非凡。文章通过分析物权变动的特点、功能以及在实施中遇到的问题,明晰中国采取折中主义的合理之处。由此,在中国,登记交付应当作为债权行为的一部分,是债权行为的一种履行方式,这样做的好处是使得交易关系趋于简单。     

试论不动产的物权变动

本文以不动产的概念与特征为出发点,探讨了物权的公示与公信原则,不动产物权变动的立法模式,我国《物权法》对不动产物权变动的立法特征及登记制度。首次明确了将善意取得制度并将其适用范围设定为动产及不动产,并指出了不动产登记制度在立法上的完善方向。     

公证与物权登记制度的衔接

一、物权登记的实质审查与形式审查之争 公示公信原则是近代社会物权理论的基石.物权登记制度正是基于该原则而产生.物权登记是指经当事人申请,由国家专门机关将不动产物权和其它一些重要的动产物权的变动情况记载于专门的登记簿上以供社会公众查阅的制度.登记的首要意义在于实现不动产物权变动的公示,相对人及利害关系人均可查阅登记簿册,并且任何人均可相信登记权利而为交易.如此可以将社会中最重要的一些不动产物权归属明确固定下来,对于稳定经济秩序,保护交易安全,促进社会诚信发挥着极其重要的作用,因此物权登记制度是我国<物权法>(草案)(以下简称<草案>)的重要组成部分.     

论环境公益与环境公诉

自 2 0 0 4年第 1期《科技与法律》编辑部与中国人民大学环境资源法研究所合作开办“环境法论坛”专栏以来 ,得到了广大的热爱环境资源保护事业的作者和读者的支持 ,使本专栏得以继存。再次重申 ,“环境法论坛”专栏的办刊宗旨是“专业、务实、新颖、活泼”。基于编辑对环境法学术期刊并非一定死气沉沉、拘泥形式的办刊理念的理解 ,目前我们已开设“理论推陈出新”、“立法释法之我见”、“由案说法”、“异域风景线”、“你争我鸣”和“环境法沙拉”等隐性栏目 ,期盼学界同仁恩赐如下大作 :能自圆其说的理论创新者 ;独到的建设性的立法建议和学理性释法者 ;结合新近案例的法治实践 ,并有所理论提升者 ;介绍国内外的各种新近、先进环境法制 ,开阔国人视野 ,并能启迪心智 ,而绝非仅为走马观花者 ;无论旧论新说 ,展开针锋相对的学术争鸣与回应答辩者 ;符合本栏目宗旨 ,不限篇幅与形式的书评、法制信息、学术活动综述、国外学术机构及其成果介绍等。欢迎作者赐稿、赐题。来稿请遵循本刊自 2 0 0 4年以来的以往各期的版式 ,以WORD文档附件的形式发至 :enblaw @yahoo .com .cn专用电子信箱 ,电子邮件“主题”请务必注明“环境法论坛投稿”字样。《科技与法律》编辑部“环境法论坛”专栏编辑     

Optimal Growth with Public Capital and Public Services

We characterize optimal economic growth in an endogenous growth model in which production requires public capital (a stock) and public services (a flow) in addition to private capital and labor. We analyze the comparative static effects of changes in the fundamental technological and preference parameters of the model on the optimal values of several variables, such as the optimal rate of growth and the optimal allocation of resources among consumption, the provision of public services, and investment in public and private capital. We show that the general optimal path converges in finite time to the balanced growth optimal path. We relate our paper to important contributions to the existing literature by obtaining them as special cases of our model.     

公共服务创新与事业单位改革

事业单位改革是关系到我国公共服务创新能否实现的重要载体。随着社会的发展变化,行政生态的转型,必然导致公共治理与公共服务模式的治道变革。如何学习和借鉴国外公共服务改革的经验,改革政府,改革事业机构,为全社会提供统一的公共产品和公共服务,建设同改革发展新阶段相适应的公共服务体系已成为一个越来越迫切的任务。     

Public Diplomacy,Smith-Mundt and the American Public

The U.S. Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948, also known as the Smith-Mundt Act, is a mostly unknown and widely misunderstood piece of legislation. Revised multiple times, the law bans domestic dissemination of Voice of America and other U.S. international broadcast content in the United States. Presenting government-supported international broadcasting as an example of public diplomacy, this article discusses the long-term misrepresentation of Smith-Mundt's original intent and highlights the consequences of the continuing ban. The article considers prospects for ending the ban and emphasizes potential opportunities presented by its elimination, concluding that ending the ban might eliminate incongruity between American foreign policy goals of democracy promotion and the reality of banned domestic content. Repeal of the ban may also result in unexpected remedies for challenges facing the American media industry and the American public's desire for international news.

The United States government may be the largest broadcaster that few Americans know about. Although its networks reach 100 countries in 59 languages, they are banned from distribution in the United States by a 1948 law devised to prevent the government from turning its propaganda machine on its own citizens. ^{1 1}Mark Landler, A New Voice of America for the Age of Twitter, N.Y. Times, June 7, 2011 at 9. The broadcasters comprising the U.S. international broadcasting operation are the Voice of America (VOA), Alhurra, Radio Sawa, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Free Asia, and Radio and TV Marti. The Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) is “a bipartisan agency … that acts as a ‘firewall’ between the U.S. government and international broadcasting entities it funds.” Kim Andrew Elliott, America Calling: A 21st-Century Model, Foreign Service J., Oct. 2010, at 31. When Smith-Mundt was passed in 1948, USIB authority fell under the Department of State. Later, Congress created the United States Information Agency (USIA) to facilitate American public diplomacy operations. After the end of the cold war, Congress dismantled USIA and returned responsibility for American public diplomacy efforts to the Department of State. For an excellent history of the rise and fall of the USIA, see Nicholas J. Cull, The Cold War and the United States Information Agency: American Propaganda and Public Diplomacy 1945–1989 (2008).      

公案的民意、主题与信息对称

某些个案因被高度关注而演变成"过度曝光的案件",本文把它称为公案。本文从案件中民意的自身特性、主题元素、民意与司法之间的信息不对称三方面,对公案进行了分析。文章分析了公案中民意的特点;把公案分为六类,并提炼出六个"主题元素";还论述了司法与民意的"信息不对称"问题及其客观原因。     

Police and the Public

In this article two features of the theme police and the public are discussed. The first part deals with the public opinion of the police and how the police deal with the public. This is a well-documented issue, but only very generally related to 'policing'. The problem of dealing with the public arises in very similar terms in all administrations, public services and community services. The qualities expected of a 'front office' (speed, competence, confidentiality, etc.) are not peculiar to the police. On the other hand, the situation of a public policing service as an urban police force is currently very specific, has an unusual, virtually undocumented historical background and is therefore worth dealing with in much greater detail. This is done in the second part of the article. To grasp this role, one needs to consider the way in which the public police service has evolved in the last half-century. Admittedly, the situation in France has certain special features, but these are simply magnified versions of things which exist elsewhere. It may be true that the institutional background has precipitated developments in France, but that same background is present in all comparable countries.     

Justice and Public Opinion

One of the key questions of justice has become the subject of a discussion that has developed in Izvestia. It can be said that its kernel is the matter of the independence of the judiciary. It is this question that underlies the article by Korenevskii and Sukhodolets, "A Cause of Errors" [Otchego byvaiut oshibki] (Izvestia, No. 61), against which Galkin wrote in his article "The Court and Public Passions" [Sud i obshchestvennye] (Izvestia, No. 91).     

From Public Sociology to Public Philosophy: Lessons for Law and Society

The late Philip Selznick's final book, A Humanist Science, examines the role of values and ideals in the social sciences, including the study of law and society. Throughout his academic career, Selznick was committed to what he called “legal naturalism,” a sociological version of the natural-law perspective, while his critics continue to adhere to various forms of positivism. But the age-old opposition between natural law and legal positivism today may be giving way to the quest for public sociology—a sociology that promotes public reflection on significant social issues and thus functions as a moral and political force. A Humanist Science ends with a strong plea for public philosophy. Public philosophy overlaps with public sociology but is a much stronger concept. Selznick's message of public philosophy may be another of his enduring contributions to the field of law and society.     

行政行为公定力与妨害公务——兼论公定力理论研究之发展进路

几近二十年发展,行政行为公定力理论,始终未脱离国内行政法学者视野。然对于这个舶来品,学界一直有两种倾向:一是在理论移植和自构的关系上倚重移植,二是在原理和技术的关系上偏于原理叙述。其实,该理论不仅可以得到重解,在价值规范上与民主政制达成契合,而且,其主张的“违抗具有假定效力的行政行为可能构成妨害公务”的观点,也可以在技术规范上得到刑法学妨害公务行为构成要件学说的支持。因此,如何摆脱对移植的倚重、对技术规范的轻忽,是该理论获得新生的必由之路,甚至也是决定该理论是否应当摈弃之前需要努力的方向。